CFR > Title 7 - Agriculture > SUBTITLE B—Regulations of the Department of Agriculture > CHAPTER I—AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (parts 27 to 206) > SUBCHAPTER C—REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 (parts 51 to 75) > PART 51—FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) > SUBPART —United States Standards for Grades of Florida Oranges and Tangelos (§51.1140 to §51.1179) > 51.1175—Classification of defects.

51.1175—Classification of defects.

Table I
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage
Ammoniation Not occurring as light speck type Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Bruises Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured Segment walls are collapsed, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured Fruit is split open, peel is badly watersoaked, or rag is ruptured and juice sacs are ruptured causing a mushy condition affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.9 mm) at bruised area or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when affecting more than one area on the fruit.
Buckskin Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Caked melanose Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Creasing Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface.
Dryness or mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.
Green spots Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter, caused by scale Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter, caused by scale Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter, caused by scale Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface, caused by scale.
Oil spots Aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 1/3 of the surface.
Scab Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scale More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scars, Hail, or Thorn scratches [For smooth or fairly smooth superficial scars see § 51.1161 .] Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter Deep or rough aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter; slightly rough with depth aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches (31.8 mm) in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than 10 percent of fruit surface Deep or rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected.
Code of Federal Regulations 404
Skin breakdown Aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch (22.2 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Sprayburn Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) in diameter Hard and aggregating more than a circle 11/2 inches (38.1 mm) in diameter Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Split, rough, protruding navels Split is unhealed, or more than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from the appearance Split is unhealed, or more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) in length, or more than three well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance Split is unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in length, or two or more splits aggregate more than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it detracts from appearance Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened.
Sunburn Skin is flattened, dry, darkened, or hard and the affected area exceeds 25 percent of the surface Skin is hard and affects more than one-third of the surface Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Note: All references to area or aggregating area, or length in this standard are based on an orange or tangelo 27/8 inches (73.0 mm) in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.