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Most Popular Legal Definitions

presumption of innocence

Synonymous with the phrase "innocent until proven guilty." It is a legal presumption that the defendant in a criminal case is innocent until the prosecutor proves their guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

informed consent

generally refers to medical practice, the requirement in non-emergency situations for a patient to accept medical or surgical procedures

legal fiction

A ruling on law based on hypothetical facts.

prison

a place in which individuals are confined, maintaining limited rights in comparison to free individuals

fourth amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution against unreasonable search or arrest.

bailiff

1) a court official, usually a deputy sheriff, who keeps order in the courtroom and handles various errands for the judge and clerk 2) in some jurisdictions, a person appointed by the court to handle the affairs of an incompetent person

J.D.

 An abbreviation for juris doctor or doctor of jurisprudence and the formal name given to the university law degree in the United States.

mediator

A person who conducts mediation.

citizen

A person who by place of birth, nationality of one or both parents, or by going through a naturalization process has sworn loyalty to a nation.

delict

civil law term which imposes liability on a person who causes injury to another, or for injury caused by a person or thing under his custody