§§ 431 to 447. Repealed.]
Section
431, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 202, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 971; Pub. L. 94–348, § 5, July 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 819; Pub. L. 96–423, § 14, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1817; Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 702(a), (c), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2579; Pub. L. 100–342, §§ 4(a),
7,
9,
10,
19
(a),
21–23, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 625, 628, 629, 637–639; Pub. L. 102–143, title V, § 4, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 102–365, §§ 2,
5
(a)(1),
7,
8,
10, Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 972, 975, 976, 978; Pub. L. 102–533, § 14, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3522, authorized Secretary of Transportation to promulgate rules, regulations, orders, and standards for all areas of railroad safety. See sections
20102,
20103,
20103 note, 20108, 20110, 20114, 20131 to 20143, and 24902 of Title 49, Transportation.
Section
432, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 203, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 96–423, § 3, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811, related to emergency powers of Secretary of Transportation. See section
20104 of Title
49.
Section
433, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 204, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972, required Secretary of Transportation to submit comprehensive study and recommendation of means of eliminating and protecting railroad grade crossings and protecting pedestrians. See section
20134 of Title
49.
Section
434, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 205, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972, declared that laws, rules, regulations, orders, and standards relating to railroad safety were to be nationally uniform, but permitted more stringent yet compatible State regulation. See section
20106 of Title
49.
Section
435, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 206, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 96–423, § 4, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1812; Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(a)–(d), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3276, 3277, related to investigative and surveillance activities by State in connection with any rule, regulation, order, or standard related to railroad safety prescribed by Secretary of Transportation. See sections
20105,
20111, and
20117 of Title
49.
Section
436, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 207, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 95–574, § 8, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2461; Pub. L. 96–423, § 5, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1812; Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(e), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3277, related to actions by State agencies to enforce compliance with Federal railroad safety rules, regulations, orders, and standards. See section
20113 of Title
49.
Section
437, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 208, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 206, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 95–574, § 9, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2462; Pub. L. 96–423, § 6, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1813; Pub. L. 100–342, § 8, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 628, related to general powers of Secretary of Transportation. See section
54a of this title and sections
20107,
20108,
20111, and
20112 of Title
49.
Section
438, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 209, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 975; Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 204(a), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 96–423, §§ 7,
8
(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 706, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2581; Pub. L. 100–342, § 3(a), June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 102–365, §§ 4(a)(1), (c)(1),
9
(a)(1), Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 973, 974, 977, related to civil penalties for violations of any railroad safety rule, regulation, order, or standard issued under this subchapter or violations of section
39 of this title. See sections
20111,
20112,
20114,
21301,
21302,
21304, and
21311 of Title
49.
Section
439, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 210, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 975; Pub. L. 96–423, § 9, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 101–615, § 28(f), Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3277, related to restraint of violations of this subchapter and certain other statutes and to enforcement of rules, etc., established under such subchapter or statutes. See sections
20112 to
20114 of Title
49.
Section
440, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 211, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 976; Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 203, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2164; Pub. L. 94–56, § 2, July 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, § 209(a), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2245; Pub. L. 100–342, § 12, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 630, related to annual report by Secretary of Transportation on administration of this subchapter. See section
20116 of Title
49.
Section
441, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 10, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1815; amended Pub. L. 100–342, § 5, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 102–365, § 5(b), Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 975, related to protection and rights of railroad employees. See section
20109 of Title
49.
A prior section
441, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 212, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 93–90, § 2, Aug. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 93–633, title II, § 205, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 94–56, § 3, July 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 94–348, § 2(a), July 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 95–574, § 2, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2459, authorized appropriations to carry out this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–423, § 2, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811.
Section
442, Pub. L. 95–574, § 3, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2459, related to limitations on funding for railroad research and development programs. See section
20117 of Title
49, Transportation.
Section
443, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 213, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 11, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1816, related to pay classifications of railroad safety inspectors and railroad safety specialists. See section
5109
(c) of Title
5, Government Organization and Employees.
Section
444, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 214, as added Pub. L. 96–423, § 2, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1195, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 703, Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2580; Pub. L. 100–342, § 2, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–400; Pub. L. 102–365, § 12, Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 980, authorized appropriations to carry out this chapter. See sections
20108 and
20117 of Title
49, Transportation.
Section
445, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 215, as added Pub. L. 100–342, § 20, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 638, related to grade crossing demonstration projects to reduce accidents involving trains. See sections
20117 and
20134 of Title
49.
Section
446, Pub. L. 101–647, title XVII, § 1704, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4846, related to railroad police officers. See section
28101 of Title
49.
Section
447, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 216, as added Pub. L. 101–508, title X, § 10501(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–399, related to railroad user fees. See section
20115 of Title
49.