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State v. Glenn Stinson
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2000 ME 87
Docket: Oxf-99-431
Submitted
on Briefs: April 26, 2000
Decided: May 17, 2000
Panel:WATHEN, C.J., and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, DANA, SAUFLEY, ALEXANDER, and
CALKINS, JJ.
STATE OF MAINE
v.
GLENN STINSON
WATHEN, C.J.
[¶1] Glenn Stinson appeals from a judgment entered in the
Superior Court (Oxford County, Warren J.) following a jury verdict finding
him guilty of one count of criminal threatening with a dangerous weapon in
violation of 17-A M.R.S.A. §§ 209,{1} 1252(4){2} (1983) and one count of
aggravated assault in violation of 17-A M.R.S.A. § 208 (1983). Stinson
challenges only the former conviction, arguing that there was insufficient
evidence to support a finding that the victim of the crime, Kenneth Jodrey,
actually feared bodily injury when Stinson brandished a knife at him. We
affirm.
[¶2] This case arises out of an incident that occurred approximately
fifteen years ago in Andover. At around 8 p.m. on July 28, 1985, Kenneth
Jodrey arrived at a general store located on the Andover common. Jodrey
learned that his daughter, Alicia, was drinking beer in the gazebo on the
common with Glenn Stinson and some of her friends. Alicia was 14 years
old at the time; Stinson, on the other hand, was 34 years old and had
supplied the beer he and the minors were drinking.{3} Jodrey was quite
angry and immediately went out to the gazebo to collect Alicia. Alicia went
with him to her mother's house. Jodrey did not stay long and left the house
soon after he dropped Alicia off.
[¶3] By about 9 p.m., Jodrey had returned to the front of the store.
Jodrey was still angry. Stinson had left the common and was at the store
either when Jodrey arrived or shortly thereafter. When Jodrey saw Stinson,
he walked up to Stinson and warned him against ever giving alcohol to Alicia
in the future. Jodrey "put his finger in [Stinson's] chest, and just told him
that he didn't want him around his daughter again." Though Jodrey pointed
his finger at Stinson's chest, he never actually struck Stinson. Stinson
pulled out a jackknife, opened the knife and pointed it at Jodrey. Jodrey
and Stinson were virtually nose to nose when Stinson pulled out the knife.
Jodrey tried to get the knife away from Stinson, and the two men began
wrestling for control of the weapon. Both men fell to the ground. The
scuffle ended when Jodrey took the knife. Jodrey told Stinson to
"Remember what I said, Glenn," and turned to leave. As Jodrey was walking
away, Stinson picked up a board and hit Jodrey from behind.{4}
[¶4] The State Police arrested Stinson. Stinson was released on bail
and left Maine in August of 1985. He claimed that he left the state to save
enough money to hire a lawyer, even though he knew that a lawyer would be
appointed for him if he could not afford it. In October of 1985, Stinson was
indicted on three counts: criminal threatening with a dangerous weapon,
aggravated assault, and endangering the welfare of a minor.{5} The day after
the indictment, a warrant for Stinson's arrest issued. In May of 1997,
Jodrey died; Stinson knew of Jodrey's death. In February of 1999, more
than thirteen years after leaving Maine and defaulting on his bail, Stinson
returned to Maine and voluntarily surrendered for trial.
[¶5] Stinson was tried before a jury. At the close of the State's case
in chief, Stinson moved for a judgment of acquittal on the criminal
threatening count. The court denied the motion, rejecting Stinson's
argument that there was no evidence that Jodrey felt any fear and that,
furthermore, that element of the crime "cannot be proven in the absence of
the victim." The jury returned a verdict of guilty of both criminal
threatening and aggravated assault, and the court entered judgments on the
verdicts.{6} Although Stinson was convicted of both aggravated assault and
criminal threatening with a dangerous weapon, he appeals from only the
criminal threatening conviction.
[¶6] Stinson challenges the denial of his motion to acquit. "When
the improper denial of a motion to acquit is alleged, the question before us
is whether there was legally sufficient evidence to support the guilty
verdict." State v. Fox, 494 A.2d 177, 179 (Me. 1985). The motion to acquit
presents a single legal question, whether "after viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have
found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." State
v. Van Sickle, 434 A.2d 31, 34 (Me. 1981) (emphasis in original). This
analysis considers only the factual evidence and permissible inferences that
were placed before the factfinder; we do not weigh the evidence or
credibility of witnesses, but instead resolve ambiguities in favor of the State.
See State v. Harrington, 440 A.2d 1078, 1079 (Me. 1982). In evaluating
whether there is sufficient evidence to convict, we will review the evidence
as a whole, including any defense witnesses and rebuttal witnesses, to
determine if the trial court erred. See State v. Bridges, 413 A.2d 937, 940
n.1 (Me. 1980).
[¶7] One of the essential elements of criminal threatening is that
the defendant put "another person in fear of imminent bodily injury." 17-A
M.R.S.A. § 209(1) (1983). Stinson argues that, at most, the evidence
supports the conclusion that a rational person in Jodrey's position would
have felt fear; this is insufficient, Stinson argues, because his conviction
must be predicated upon a finding that Jodrey experienced actual,
subjective fear.
[¶8] We do not need to decide whether a conviction could be
supported only by evidence that a rational person in Jodrey's position would
have felt fear. Stinson's analysis of the evidence rests upon the flawed
argument that direct evidence of Jodrey's fear was required for a rational
factfinder to conclude that Jodrey was put in fear because of Stinson's
actions. A factfinder, however, is entitled to "draw all reasonable inferences
from the evidence." State v. Child, 1999 ME 198, ¶ 5, 743 A.2d 230, 232.
Circumstantial evidence is not, as a matter of law, inherently inferior
evidence; factual findings may be supported by reasonable inferences drawn
from all the circumstances even if those inferences are contradicted by
parts of the direct evidence. See State v. Hagan, 527 A.2d 1308, 1309 (Me.
1987) (holding that victims can be in fear despite their refusal "to admit to
anything smacking of cowardice"). The jury was instructed that they could
convict if they found that Jodrey had felt actual, subjective fear. Though the
victim was not available to testify to his state of mind, the evidence was
sufficient to support a finding in accord with the court's instruction.
The entry is:
Judgment affirmed.
Attorneys for State:
Norman R. Croteau, District Attorney
Jospeh O'Connor, Asst. Dist. Atty.
P O Box 179
South Paris, ME 04281
Attorney for defendant:
Stephen M. Brochu, Esq.
Law Offices of William Maselli
98 Court Street
Auburn, ME 04210
FOOTNOTES******************************** {1} . The statute provides: "A
person is guilty of criminal threatening if he intentionally or knowingly
places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury." 17-A M.R.S.A.
§ 209(1) (1983). {2} . The statute provides: "If the State pleads
and proves that a Class B, C, D or E crime was committed with the use of
a dangerous weapon then the sentencing class for such crime is one class
higher than it would otherwise be." 17-A M.R.S.A. § 1252(4) (1983).
The use of a dangerous weapon changes criminal threatening from a Class
D to a Class C crime. See id.; 17p;A M.R.S.A. § 209(2) (1983).
{3} . Despite the age differential, the State did not provide any evidence
that indicated that Stinson was aware that Alicia Jodrey was under sixteen
years old. {4} . It was this action that formed the basis for the aggravated
assault charge. Taking the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict,
Stinson hit Jodrey repeatedly with the board, knocking him down in an alley
that contained broken glass and other debris. Jodrey was knocked unconscious,
but Stinson continued hitting him until a bystander pulled Stinson away.
Jodrey was taken to the hospital where he was treated for his injuries,
which included reattaching part of his ear that had been damaged in the
attack. {5} . The trial court granted Stinson's motion for acquittal on
this count at the close of the State's case in chief. {6} . Stinson was
sentenced to 18 months imprisonment for criminal threatening and six years
imprisonment for aggravated assault, to be served concurrently. All but
two years were suspended. Stinson was also given a two year term of probation.
Stinson applied for leave to appeal his sentence, but his application was
denied by the Sentence Review Panel.
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