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Pitt v. Frawley
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT					Reporter of Decisions
Decision:1999 ME 5 
Docket:Cum-97-626
Argued:	November 5, 1998
Decided:	January 6, 1999


Panel:WATHEN, C.J., and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, DANA, SAUFLEY, ALEXANDER, and
CALKINS, JJ.

DAVID PITT 

v. 

ALFRED C. FRAWLEY, et al.{1}

WATHEN, C.J.

	[¶1]  Plaintiff David Pitt appeals from the judgment of the Superior
Court (Cumberland County, Mills, J.) following a jury verdict in favor of
defendants on Pitt's complaint.  On appeal, Pitt alleges that the court erred
by prohibiting him from questioning defendant attorney Alfred Frawley
regarding the Maine Bar Rules and by refusing to instruct the jury on
Frawley's alleged professional negligence based on those Rules.  Pitt also
contends that the court erred by excluding expert testimony regarding a fire
at the place of business of defendant Randy Dunican and evidence regarding
Pitt's good character.   We find that the court did not abuse its discretion by
prohibiting Pitt from eliciting expert testimony from Frawley regarding the
Bar Rules and, therefore, did not err in instructing the jury.  Finding no
error, we affirm the judgment.
	[¶2]  As a result of a speculative real estate project that failed, Pitt
brought a complaint that alleged breach of contract, fraud, negligent
misrepresentation, breach of the covenant of fair dealing and good faith in a
service contract, professional negligence, negligent interference with
advantageous economic relations, waste, constructive fraud, and fraud in
violation of the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act against all
defendants.  Evidence at trial would allow the following factual findings:   In
1976 Pitt purchased a piece of property in Ireland called Tooreenagrena.  In
1983 Pitt and a group of friends created a corporation, Mahanasig Limited
("Mahanasig"), to which Pitt transferred ownership of Tooreenagrena with
the hopes of developing a time share venture.  Late in 1990, Pitt approached
Randy Dunican, chief executive officer of Schooner Business Brokers, to
assist in developing the property.  
	[¶3]  Pitt alleged that Alfred Frawley, a member of the law firm of
Brann & Isaacson and Dunican's attorney, agreed to represent Mahanasig in
its dispute with James Whelan, an attorney in England, in exchange for an
interest in the project.  Mahanasig owed Whelan a large debt arising from
title work Whelan had performed, and Whelan filed a claim against
Mahanasig in Ireland in 1991.  Frawley insisted at trial that he never
represented Pitt or Mahanasig, but merely assisted Mahanasig and Schooner
Business Brokers by drafting letters of intent for the venture and negotiating
with Whelan.  The parties produced no written documentation regarding
Frawley's status.   In 1993 Whelan obtained a judgment against the
Tooreenagrena property and as a result, Mahanasig lost the property.
	[¶4]  Prior to trial, the court granted summary judgment for
defendants Frawley and Brann & Isaacson on several of Pitt's claims{2} and at
the close of Pitt's case in chief, the court entered judgment as a matter of
law for defendants on several other counts.{3}  At the conclusion of the trial,
the jury returned a verdict for defendants on all remaining counts.  This
appeal followed.
	[¶5]  Pitt's main contention on appeal is that the court erred by
refusing to allow him to examine defendant Frawley regarding the Maine Bar
Rules in relation to his claim of professional negligence against Frawley.  The
issue arose in a somewhat haphazard manner. During Pitt's case-in-chief,
defendants' attorneys objected in chambers to the examination of defendant
Dunican regarding the Maine Real Estate Commission Rules.  They argued
that because Dunican had not been designated as an expert, Pitt should not
be permitted to solicit expert testimony concerning the standard of care
required by the Rules.  Pitt's attorney argued that he should be allowed to
question Dunican on the Maine Real Estate Commission Rules as well as
Frawley on the Maine Bar Rules because he was calling them during his case-
in-chief, and thus their statements would be admissions of a party-opponent
rather than expert testimony.
	[¶6]  As relevant to this appeal, the court ruled that  the professional
standards established by the Maine Bar Rules required expert testimony and
that due to the failure of Pitt to designate Frawley as an expert witness, Pitt
would be foreclosed from eliciting Frawley's opinion regarding the Maine
Bar Rules.  The court explained:

[T]here have been no experts designated by the Plaintiff on any
issue.  And in reliance on that, the Defendants have not hired
and engaged experts.  They have not designated any experts. 
They haven't deposed anybody with the understanding that they
would be an expert. . . .  But [Frawley and Dunican] are not
expert.  If they were experts, they should have been designated. 
There should have been 26(b) information provided and then
the Defendants would have had the opportunity to decide how
they intend to proceed. [Defendants] have come to court with
the understanding that there's no expert testimony in this case. 
(Emphasis added). 

The court concluded that "the rules of discovery and all of the expedited
orders that we sign and all the things you are suppose[d] to do before a
lawsuit comes to trial should have some meaning."
	[¶7]  M.R. Civ. P. 16(h) authorizes the court to sanction a party for
failing to comply with the requirements governing pretrial procedure.  We
review the court's imposition of a sanction for an abuse of discretion, and we
will not "lightly overrule a trial court's judgmental choice of an appropriate
sanction."  See Reeves v. Travelers Ins. Cos., 421 A.2d 47, 50 (Me. 1980).  Of
particular relevance is our ruling in Spickler v. York, 566 A.2d 1385 (Me.
1989), in which we held that it was an abuse of discretion for the court not
to exclude the testimony of an expert witness who had not been designated
despite a pretrial order.  See id. at 1388-89.
	[¶8]  In this case, the court issued an expedited pretrial order that
required the designation of expert witnesses.  The pretrial order also
required Pitt, following the close of all discovery, to file a report of
conference of counsel including the designation of witnesses.  Pitt did not
disclose any expert witnesses to defendants nor did his report list any
expert witnesses or designate Frawley as a witness.
	[¶9]  We have previously ruled that expert testimony is required in a
legal malpractice claim to establish the appropriate standard of care. 
See Jim Mitchell and Jed Davis, P.A. v. Jackson, 627 A.2d 1014, 1017 (Me.
1993) (holding that "expert evidence is required in a legal malpractice case
to establish the attorney's breach of duty 'except in cases where the breach
or lack thereof is so obvious that it may be determined by the Court as a
matter of law, or is within the ordinary knowledge and experience of
laymen'" (citation omitted)).  It is beyond dispute that expert testimony is
required to establish the requisite standard of care for determining the
alleged malpractice in question.  Pitt did not disclose any expert witnesses,
and, as a matter of fairness, the court did not abuse its discretion by
prohibiting him from eliciting expert testimony from Frawley regarding the
Maine Bar Rules.  Even if Frawley's testimony constituted an admission, such
an admission would necessarily be expert testimony offered in defiance of
the results of the pretrial procedure.  
	[¶10]  Because Pitt did not present expert testimony on the
appropriate standard of care, the court did not err by refusing to instruct
the jury on the issues of negligence arising from the Maine Bar Rules.{4}
	[¶11]  The remaining issues on appeal merit little discussion.  The
court did not err in excluding expert testimony and other evidence
regarding a fire at Dunican's place of business, see M.R. Evid. 403, nor did it
err in excluding testimony of Pitt's good character.  Beyond the fact that
such evidence of his character was never offered, it would have been
inadmissible in any event.  See M.R. Evid. 404, 405, 608.
	The entry is:
				Judgment affirmed.
                                                                 
Attorney for plaintiff:
Thomas J. Connolly, Esq., (orally)
P O Box 7563
Portland, ME 04112-7563

Attorneys for defendants:

Peter J. DeTroy, Esq., (orally)
Terry A. Fralich, Esq.
Norman, Hanson & DeTroy, LLC
P O Box 4600
Portland, ME 04112-4600
(for Frawley and Brann & Isaacson)

David J. Van Dyke, Esq.
Berman & Simmons, Esq.
P O Box 961
Lewiston, ME 04243-0961
(for Dunican, Schooner Investments and Hot Springs, Inc.)