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Estate of Maybelle Wilson

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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT					Reporter of Decisions
Decision:	2000 ME 49
Docket:	Was-99-331	
Submitted
on Briefs:	December 17, 1999
Decided:	March 15,  2000

Panel:WATHEN, C.J., and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, DANA, ALEXANDER, and CALKINS, JJ.

ESTATE OF MAYBELLE M. WILSON

ALEXANDER, J.

	[¶1]  Shriners Hospitals For Children, Shriners Hospital For Crippled
Children, and Shriners Burn Institute (Shriners), residuary beneficiaries of
Maybelle Wilson's estate, appeal from a judgment of the Washington County
Probate Court (Holmes, J.) finding an asserted residuary clause in Maybelle
Wilson's will ineffective and determining that her estate passes to a niece
and a nephew by intestacy.  Shriners contends that the court erred in
(1) finding the residuary clause contingent upon the simultaneous death of
Maybelle Wilson and her husband, John Wilson; and (2) refusing to consider
statements contained in an affidavit by the attorney who drafted the will.  We
vacate and remand for two reasons:  (1) interested persons who never
became active parties were improperly defaulted; and (2) the hearing notice
process for the personal representative's petition for instructions was
defective.

I. CASE HISTORY

	[¶2]  Maybelle Wilson and her husband, John Wilson, had a lengthy
marriage and created a significant estate.  In 1960, Maybelle Wilson
executed a will which devised her estate contingent on three alternative
events, which were as follows:  (1) If Maybelle Wilson predeceased her
husband, her estate went to her husband; (2) if Maybelle Wilson and her
husband died simultaneously, the will made specific bequests to a number of
individuals and entities; and (3) if Maybelle Wilson's husband predeceased
her, the will directed that the same distribution be made as if she and her
husband had died simultaneously.  Residuary beneficiaries under the 1960
will were Maybelle Wilson's brother and her niece and nephew who were
her brother's children.  
	[¶3]  In 1978, the Wilsons executed new wills two days apart.   The
same attorney drafted both 1978 wills.  Maybelle Wilson's will provided two
dispositional choices:  (1) If Maybelle Wilson's husband survived her, her
estate went to him; and (2) if Maybelle Wilson and her husband died
simultaneously, specific bequests were indicated in Paragraphs FOURTH
through EIGHTH of the 1978 will.  These paragraphs made two specific
bequests, one to the City of Calais (Paragraph FOURTH) and one to the
Congregational Church of Calais (Paragraph FIFTH).  Paragraph EIGHTH, the
residuary clause, left the remainder of the Estate to Shriners.  
	[¶4]  The 1978 will included no provision for an eventuality that John
Wilson would predecease Maybelle Wilson.  This provision had been included
in Paragraph "LASTLY" of her 1960 will.  This was replaced by Paragraph
"LASTLY" in the 1978 will, which directed that the attorney who drafted
the will should also be the attorney for the administration of her estate.{1}  
	[¶5]  The will also directed that "under the provision of Paragraph
THIRD"-the simultaneous death provision-The Merrill Trust Company,
now Fleet Bank of Maine, was appointed executor of the Estate.  John
Wilson's will, executed two days later, made a modest bequest to a church
and left his residuary estate to Shriners in the event that either Maybelle
Wilson predeceased him or husband and wife died simultaneously.  
	[¶6]  In 1985, Maybelle Wilson executed a codicil to her will,
replacing paragraphs FOURTH and FIFTH which had the effect of adjusting
the control of money given to the City of Calais and adding bequests of
$2,500 each to her niece, Nancy Bowles, and nephew, Clifford Alexander,
and $500 each to the seven children of her niece and nephew.  There was
no amendment of Paragraph THIRD, or any other adjustment of the will to
consider an eventuality of John Wilson predeceasing Maybelle Wilson. 
Accordingly, under the terms of the will, the paragraphs amended by the
1985 codicil continued to be contingent on the simultaneous deaths of
Maybelle and John Wilson.
	[¶7]  John Wilson died in 1991.  Maybelle Wilson survived him, but
died in 1993.  On October 3, 1996, Fleet Bank presented Maybelle Wilson's
will for informal probate, see M.R. Prob. P. 2(a)(1); 18-A M.R.S.A. ¶¶ 3-301
through 3-311 (1981), and applied for appointment as personal
representative pursuant to the will.  See 18-A M.R.S.A. § 3-307 (1981).  The
docket entries indicate that the 1996 notice of initiation of the informal
probate proceedings was sent to interested persons listed in the probate
filings including Wilson's niece and nephew, Shriners, and the other named
beneficiaries in the will.  In informal probate proceedings, "no pleading
after the application shall be required or permitted."  M.R. Prob. P. 12(a)(1)
(emphasis added).
	[¶8]  On October 24, 1996, Fleet Bank filed its bond as personal
representative in the amount of $700,000.  This bond was filed pursuant to
18-A M.R.S.A. § 3-604 (1981) which states that personal representative
bonds should be not less than the estimated value of an estate.  The file
contains no other evidence of value of the estate, particularly it does not
contain the inventory of property and fair market value required to be
prepared and filed or furnished to requesting interested parties pursuant to
18­p;A M.R.S.A. § 3­p;706 (1981). 
	[¶9]  On September 15, 1997, Fleet Bank filed a petition for
instructions.  This petition noted that all of the directives in the will
following Paragraph THIRD were, under a literal reading of the will,
contingent on the simultaneous death alternative stated in Paragraph
THIRD.  This included the bequests to named individuals and the residuary
beneficiary, Shriners.  It also included Fleet Bank's appointment as personal
representative which explicitly referenced Paragraph THIRD.  
	[¶10]  Fleet Bank's petition noted that, "[t]here is no explicit
direction in the 1978 will as to what should happen to Mrs. Wilson's
property, if her husband did not survive her, which was what in fact
happened."  The petition then asked for direction from the court as to
whether the 1978 will could be administered in accordance with the
provision from the 1960 will which gave the same direction for disposition
of property if Mrs. Wilson's death was simultaneous or subsequent to her
husband's death.  If this was not possible, the petition asked, alternatively,
"to whom should the estate now pass?  Should it pass to the heirs at law of
Maybelle M. Wilson by intestacy?"  The heirs at law to whom the estate
would pass by intestacy are apparently Maybelle Wilson's nephew and niece,
Clifford Alexander and Nancy Bowles.
	[¶11]  While the record is unclear, it appears that notice of a
November 12, 1997 hearing date, a copy of the petition for instructions, and
apparently other items were sent by certified mail to the interested persons
including Shriners, and the niece and nephew.  The notice cautioned that
the petition "may be granted" if no objections were received in writing or by
appearance at the hearing.  No interested person, including Shriners, the
niece or nephew, or any other named individual responded to the notice or
attended the hearing on November 12, 1997, other than an attorney for
Fleet Bank.  
	[¶12]  On December 17, 1997, Fleet Bank sought and was granted
defaults against all interested persons who apparently had received notice,
including Shriners and the niece and nephew.{2}  The defaults were
purportedly granted under M.R. Prob. P. 55(a).  Why default was sought and
what was being defaulted is unclear, since there was no outstanding
judgment and Fleet Bank's petition had not sought "a sum certain" or
specific relief, only direction from the court.
	[¶13]  The entry of the default in this case occurred upon request to
the Register of Probate, not to the court, although the court had already
conducted its hearing on the petition.  Thus, this is not a case of a party
being defaulted for failure to appear at trial.  Further, the default and
subsequent judgments were entered without proper proof of service on
approximately half of the defaulted interested persons.  An unsigned affidavit
of service by mail{3} on approximately half of the heirs, including Nancy
Bowles, was not filed until June 2, 1999, after all of the relevant judicial
events in the Probate Court had occurred.{4}	
	[¶14]  Following the December 1997 default of the interested persons,
there was no further action for 16 months until April 30, 1999, when the
court issued its order on the petition for instructions.{5}  In that order, the
court determined that the provisions of the FOURTH through the EIGHTH
clauses of the will, including the appointment of the personal
representative, the specific bequests, and the residuary clause, "having been
made expressly on a contingency which did not take place, do not take
effect."  Accordingly, the court directed that, "pursuant to Title 18-A
M.R.S.A. § 2-101, the Estate of Maybelle M. Wilson passes by intestacy to the
decedent's heirs, Clifford J. Alexander and Nancy Bowles."  
	[¶15]  Despite an alternative disposition of a large sum of money
towards individuals who reasonably could have believed they had no
significant interest in the estate, the record indicates that only the attorney
for Fleet Bank was notified of this order.  At some point in the next few
weeks, Shriners apparently learned of the court's order and of its significant
stake in the estate.  
	[¶16]  On May 27, 1999, counsel for Shriners appeared for the first
time and filed a motion to set aside the judgment and for expedited hearing. 
The reason for the expedited hearing request was the imminent expiration
of the time period for filing an appeal.  See M.R. Civ. P. 73(a).{6}  Shriners did
not move to strike the earlier default or demonstrate "good cause" for its
apparent late appearance.  See M.R. Civ. P. 55(c).{7}
	[¶17]  In support of its motion, Shriners filed an affidavit by the
attorney who had drafted the 1978 will in which he asserted that it was the
testator's intent that if both died simultaneously or if one predeceased the
other, the great bulk of the estate would go to the residuary beneficiary,
Shriners.  The attorney also asserted that the failure to make provision for
that alternative in Maybelle Wilson's will was the result of a scrivener's
error.  
	[¶18]  The very next day, May 28, 1999, the court conducted a
telephone hearing on the motion to set aside the judgment.  Counsel for
Shriners and Fleet Bank participated.  Also on May 28, the court issued an
order:  (1) granting the motion to set aside the judgment, citing
M.R. Prob. P. 60(b); (2) refusing to consider the affidavit of the attorney who
had drafted the will, citing Estate of Utterback, 521 A.2d 1184 (Me. 1987);
and (3) reentering the April 30, 1999 judgment, which the court
incorporated by reference.  From that order, Shriners brought this appeal
and was the only party to appear and file a brief and appendix.  
	[¶19]  For purposes of this appeal, we assume that the court construed
its orders of April 30, 1999, and May 28, 1999, as judgments by default
against the interested persons, entered pursuant to application to the court
as required by M.R. Prob. P. 55(b) (which incorporates by reference
M.R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2)).  Thus, we construe the Probate Court's action as a final
judgment as to all interested persons.   

II.  DISCUSSION

	[¶20]  Every individual has a basic right to due process under the
Federal and State Constitutions which includes, at a minimum, fair notice
and opportunity to be heard before a court acts on matters affecting that
particular individual's liberty or property interests.  See Board of Overseers
of the Bar v. Lefebvre, 1998 ME 24, ¶ 15, 707 A.2d 69, 73; see also Estate of
Elias, 451 A.2d 637, 640 (Me. 1982) (holding notice sufficient that attached
copies of petition which specifically outlined issues to be adjudicated at a
probate court hearing).  What process, including notice, is due will vary from
case to case to promote the basic fairness of each particular action.  See
Balian v. Board of Licensure in Med., 1999 ME 8, ¶ 10, 722 A.2d 364, 367.
	[¶21]  Fleet Bank's petition for instructions asked the Probate Court to
make a decision which, in either alternative, would directly and substantially
affect significant rights of interested persons, particularly Shriners, Clifford
Alexander, and Nancy Bowles.  For approximately half of the heirs including
Shriners and Maybelle Wilson's nephew, Clifford Alexander, a signed
affidavit of notice{8} of the November 12 hearing was filed October 8, 1997. 
The file does not indicate that any proper affidavit of notice has ever been
filed regarding Maybelle Wilson's niece, Nancy Bowles, or Nancy Bowles's
children, all of whom live in Canada.  The file does contain a docket entry
indicating that on June 2, 1999, the same day this appeal was filed, an
"unsigned, undated affidavit of service registered mail [was] filed."  The file
includes such a document listing Nancy Bowles and her children, but with
no date and no signature.  Attached to this unsigned, undated document, are
return receipts indicating that all of the named individuals, except Aaron
Bowles, had their receipts accepted by an individual named Jim "Boles" on
October 10, 1997.  The form regarding Aaron Bowles is blank; there is no
indication that he has ever been served.{9} 
	[¶22]  It appears that the defaults cut the interested persons off from
further notice and opportunities to participate in matters related to the
case.  All that was known to the interested persons was that an "informal"
proceeding had been commenced which suggested no great controversy or
difficulty, and in which their participation was not "required or permitted." 
From the record it is not certain that either Clifford Alexander or Nancy
Bowles were aware during the proceedings, or are aware today, that they
each may have a stake of perhaps $350,000 in the outcome of this
proceeding.  One can also assume that, had Shriners been fully aware of the
extent of Shriners' stake in the proceedings, it would have attempted to
participate in the November 12, 1997 hearing, resisted default, and sought
to involve itself in the proceedings at some time earlier than it did.
	[¶23]  In the circumstances, it was a violation of the Probate Code and
the Probate Rules to enter a default and subsequent judgments against
interested persons who had not filed a formal appearance.  It was also a
violation of the Probate Code and Probate Rules to enter judgment against
those interested persons on whom service of the hearing notice was never
properly confirmed.  In fact, the Probate Code does not appear to
contemplate default of persons designated as interested persons in informal
proceedings, unless such persons take action to become parties in a formal
probate proceeding.
	[¶24]  Because the interested persons were improperly notified of the
proceedings generated by the petition for instructions, and the defaults
entered were unauthorized by the Probate Code, the defaults entered and
the subsequent judgment must be vacated.  The case must be remanded for
a new hearing, after appropriate notice that calls to the attention of the
interested persons their opportunity to participate to protect their
interests.  
	[¶25]  The Shriners' appeal raises some other issues of both law and
evidence generated by the matter.  On some occasions, where there is a
remand, and actions of the court below are in dispute, this Court may
provide guidance to avoid future litigation and appeals.  Cf. Merrill v.
Sugarloaf Mountain Corp., 2000 ME 16, ¶ 15, __ A.2d __.  Generally such
guidance is only provided in cases when all interests are appropriately
represented and have appeared before this Court arguing the points in
contest.  Here, only one party made presentations to this Court.  We will not
make interlocutory rulings on legal issues where others who evidently have
significant interests have not appeared before this Court due to the notice
problems addressed above.  
	The entry is:
Judgment vacated.  Remanded for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Attorney for appellants:

Charles Harvey, Esq.
Harvey & Frank
P O Box 126
Portland, ME 04112

No other parties filed briefs.