|
Derrig v. Fels Company, revised 3-7-00
Download as PDF
Back to Opinions page
MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 1999 ME 162
Docket: WCB-98-555
Argued: October 5, 1999
Reargued: February 8, 2000
Decided: March 7, 2000
Panel:WATHEN, C.J., and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, SAUFLEY, ALEXANDER, and CALKINS,
JJ.
MICHAEL A. DERRIG
v.
FELS COMPANY et al.
CALKINS, J.
[¶1] The employee, Michael Derrig, appeals from a decision of the
Workers' Compensation Board denying his petitions for award related to an
injury which Derrig alleges arose out of his employment as a pipefitter for
numerous employers over a period of twenty years. The Board concluded
that Derrig failed to show that his employment with either of the two
employers named in the petitions made a significant contribution to his
spinal injury. Because the factual findings of the Board are internally
inconsistent, we vacate the decision and remand for clarification.{1}
[¶2] Derrig had worked as a union pipefitter from 1973 to 1993 for
numerous employers. He worked primarily for Fels Co. from 1979 to 1989,
when Fels went out of business, and then for various employers until he
worked for Burns & Roe in 1993. Derrig filed petitions against Fels and
Burns & Roe, alleging dates of injury in 1984, 1987, and 1993. The Board
found that "Derrig has been unable to carry his burden of persuasion to
establish that he sustained injuries gradually to September 25, 1984 and
April 24, 1987" and that Derrig "was unable to establish, based upon the
medical records from 1984 on, that he had suffered injuries either in 1984
or 1987 which made significant contributions to the disability which
ultimately resulted when he needed surgery in the fall of 1993 as required
by § 201(4)." Similarly, with respect to Derrig's employment with Burns &
Roe, the Board, again citing 39-A M.R.S.A. § 201(4) (Pamph. 1999),{2} stated:
"The employee has been unable to establish that the work he did for Burns
and Roe made a significant contribution to the disability which resulted
when his preexisting condition required surgery."
[¶3] The findings made by the Board which appear to be contrary to
the above findings are the following: (1) "Basically the heavy work this man
did from 1973 on affected his back perceptibly by 1984;" and (2) "There is
no real question that the heavy work he did as a pipe fitter between 1973
and 1993 contributed to his degenerative spine condition and requiring [sic]
surgery much earlier than might have otherwise been the case."
[¶4] These latter findings raise the issue of whether Derrig suffered a
compensable gradual injury. In Ross v. Oxford Paper Co., 363 A.2d 712,
713-15 (Me. 1976), we held that an employee's carpal tunnel injury
resulting from twenty-five years of employment at a paper mill, was a
compensable "personal injury arising out of and in the course of
employment," for purposes of former 39 M.R.S.A. § 51(1) (1989), repealed
and replaced by P.L. 1991, ch. 885, §§ A-7, A-8, codified as 39-A M.R.S.A.
§ 201(1) (Pamph. 1999). The carpal tunnel condition was described in Ross
as "a gradual injury, cumulatively caused by repeated trauma to the hands."
Ross, 363 A.2d at 714. We expressly held in Ross that the removal of the
phrase "by accident" from the "arising out of" requirement in former
section 51 permitted compensation for gradual injuries and did not limit
injuries to those caused by sudden traumatic precipitating events. Id. at
713-15. See also Townsend v. Maine Bureau of Pub. Safety, 404 A.2d 1014,
1017 (Me. 1979) (compensability of gradual mental injuries).
[¶5] The Board's findings that Derrig's heavy work between 1973 and
1984 "affected his back perceptibly" and that the twenty years of heavy
work as a pipefitter "contributed to his degenerative spine condition" which
required surgery, might make this case analogous to Ross. Because the
Board appears to have applied subsection 201(4) in determining whether
there was a gradual injury, we are unable to decipher whether the Board
actually found a gradual injury.
[¶6] Subsection 201(4) is not applicable in the initial determination
of whether an employee has suffered a work-related injury. If the employee
is found to have an injury, then subsection 201(4) is applied if the employee
has a condition that preceded the injury. If the injury aggravated,
accelerated, or combined with the preexisting condition, the resulting
disability is compensable if the employment contributed to it in a significant
manner. See § 201(4). This analysis is utilized whether the injury is the
result of a single event or whether the injury is a gradual one.
[¶7] A gradual injury is a single injury caused by repeated, cumulative
trauma without any sudden incapacitating event. Treating each period of
employment as a separate "injury" is inconsistent with the concept of a
gradual injury as a single condition occurring gradually over a long period of
time.{3} The employee, however, must establish the date of the injury which
is the date the employee is aware of the injury and aware of its compensable
nature. See Farrow v. Carr Bros. Co., 393 A.2d 1341, 1343 (Me. 1978).
[¶8] Because the Board appears to have applied subsection 201(4) in
making the initial determination of whether Derrig suffered a gradual injury
and because it made inconsistent findings, we vacate and remand so that the
Board can determine whether Derrig suffered a gradual injury. If he suffered
a gradual injury, the Board should then determine whether he is entitled to
benefits.
The entry is:
The decision of the Workers' Compensation
Board is vacated. Remanded to the Workers'
Compensation Board for further proceedings
consistent with the opinion herein.
Attorneys for employee:
James J. MacAdam, Esq.
Jeffrey L. Cohen, Esq., (orally)
McTeague, Higbee, MacAdam, Case, Cohen, & Whitney, P.A.
P O Box 5000
Topsham, ME 04086-5000
Attorneys for employers:
Thomas R. Kelley, Esq., (orally)
John M. McCallum, Esq.
Robinson, Kriger & McCallum
P O Box 568
Portland, ME 04112-0568
(for Burns & Roe)
Elizabeth Knox Peck, Esq., (orally)
Paul C. Catsos, Esq.
Thompson & Bowie
P O Box 4630
Portland, ME 04112-4630
(for Fels Company & Aetna Casualty)
Daniel Rosenthal, Esq., (orally)
Robert C. Brooks, Esq.
Verrill & Dana, LLP
P O Box 586
Portland, ME 04112-0586
(for Fels Company & Hanover Ins.)
Attorneys for amicus curiae:
John F. Lambert Jr., Esq., (orally)
Lambert, Coffin, Rudman & Hochman
P O Box 15215
Portland, ME 04112-5215
(for Maine Workers' Comp. Residual Market Pool)
FOOTNOTES******************************** {1} . We issued a decision in
this matter on November 18, 1999, vacating the Board's decision. The employers
and insurance companies moved for reconsideration, and by separate order
of March 6, 2000, we grant the motion. The decision issued on November 18,
1999 is withdrawn and replaced by this decision. {2} . Subsection 201(4)
provides: If a work-related injury aggravates, accelerates or combines with
a preexisting physical condition, any resulting disability is compensable
only if contributed to by the employment in a significant manner. {3} .
Requiring an employee, who has suffered a gradual injury, to prove that
each separate employment was a "significant" aggravation of the
injury would render it virtually impossible for an employee who has worked
for several employers to establish liability for a gradual injury. Employees,
like the employee in Ross, who suffer gradual injuries while employed by
a single employer, would be entitled to compensation, but employees who
work for several employers would not. We see no evidence of a legislative
intent, either in the statutory language or legislative history, to support
such disparate treatment of employees with work- related conditions. Indeed,
when subsection 201(4) was enacted, the gradual injury concept was an accepted
"term of art" in workers' compensation parlance. If the Legislature
intended to restrict the compensability of gradual injuries, it would have
made that intent clear by express statutory language.
|