Find Legal Information

Dahms v.Osteopathic Hospital
Download as PDF
Back to the Opinions page

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT					Reporter of Decisions
Decision:	2001 ME 145
Docket:	WCB-00-550
Argued:	September 13, 2001
Decided:	October 22, 2001	

Panel:WATHEN, C.J.,{*} and CLIFFORD, RUDMAN, DANA, SAUFLEY, ALEXANDER, and
CALKINS, JJ.

RUSSELL DAHMS 

v. 

OSTEOPATHIC HOSPITAL OF MAINE et al.

CALKINS, J.

	[¶1]  Osteopathic Hospital of Maine appeals from a decision of a
hearing officer of the Workers' Compensation Board granting the petitions of
Russell Dahms for restoration and medical benefits pursuant to the Workers'
Compensation Act.  The hospital contends that the employee's petitions are
time-barred because they were filed later than ten years after the date of the
employer's last payment under the Act.  See 39 M.R.S.A. § 95 (Supp. 1982),
repealed and replaced by P.L. 1991, ch. 885, §§ A-7, A-8 (codified at 39-A
M.R.S.A. § 306 (2001)).  The hearing officer concluded that the employer's
transfer of the employee to a light-duty work assignment on the
recommendation of the hospital's occupational health nurse constituted a
"payment" for purposes of tolling the statute of limitations.{1}  We vacate the
hearing officer's decision.

I.  BACKGROUND

	[¶2]  Dahms suffered a compensable right-knee injury on June 28,
1983, while employed in a housekeeping position at the hospital.  Dahms
underwent knee surgeries in 1983 and 1985.  The hospital voluntarily paid
medical and incapacity benefits pursuant to agreements in 1983 and 1986. 
The last payment of incapacity benefits to Dahms occurred on June 26,
1987.  Dahms sought medical treatment from 1990 to 1993, but there is no
evidence in the record that the hospital had notice of, or paid for, this
treatment.
	[¶3]  The hospital employed Dahms in various reinstatement positions
to accommodate his work-related injury.  Dahms worked in the audiovisual
department from 1985 to 1990, and in the print shop from 1990 to 1993. 
From 1993 forward, he was employed as a shuttle bus driver, which also
included landscaping duties.  The hearing officer found that in 1993 Dahms
encountered the hospital's occupational health nurse in a hallway at work
who questioned Dahms about his swollen right knee.  The nurse asked
Dahms what work he was doing, and he told her.  The day after the chance
meeting with the nurse, Dahms was relieved of his landscaping duties and
was required only to drive the shuttle bus.
	[¶4]  Dahms' condition continued to deteriorate until he underwent a
third surgery in 1997.  Dahms filed petitions for restoration and to fix
medical benefits in 1998.  The hospital contended before the hearing officer
that the petitions were barred because the employee had not received a
payment of benefits for ten years pursuant to the former ten-year statute of
repose.  See 39 M.R.S.A. § 95 (Supp. 1982). 
	[¶5]  In his initial decree dated June 21, 1999, the hearing officer
granted Dahms' petitions and awarded medical benefits and ongoing total
incapacity benefits.  The hearing officer stated:

	[T]he examination by [the nurse], cursory though it was,
and the employer's immediate change in job duties which
resulted from her seeing and speaking with Mr. Dahms,
constituted the provision of a benefit under the Act sufficient to
toll the statute of limitations.  Eaton v. Bath Iron Works Corp.,
502 A.2d 1040 (Me. 1986).

	The evidence also demonstrates that the change in duties
was a benefit to not only the employee but also the employer. 
While Mr. Dahms's knee continued to deteriorate so that he
eventually needed more surgery in 1997, the medical records
indicate that, had he continued with those ground keeping
duties, he would have required the repeat surgery sooner.  The
change enabled Mr. Dahms to work with much less physical
difficulty.

	[¶6]  We granted the hospital's first petition for appellate review in
April 2000, pursuant to 39-A M.R.S.A. § 322 (2001), and summarily vacated
and remanded to the Board for an analysis consistent with our decision in
Moreau v. S.D. Warren Co., 2000 ME 62, 748 A.2d 1001.  In Moreau, we held
that in-house medical treatment does not constitute a payment for purposes
of tolling the statute of repose.
	[¶7]  On remand, the hearing officer reaffirmed its earlier decision,
relying on our decision in Eaton v. Bath Iron Works Corp., 502 A.2d 1040,
1043 (Me. 1986).  The hearing officer stated:

	In Eaton, the Court mentioned but did not address the
factual issue presented by this case.  Here, Mr. Dahms has
established that the employer changed his job duties in 1993
because the employer's occupational health nurse saw that the
work he had been doing had caused his right knee to swell.  As
set forth in the decree, the immediate transfer benefitted both
the employee and the employer.

We granted the hospital's second petition for appellate review.

II.  DISCUSSION

	[¶8]  On the date of Dahms' injury in 1983, the statute of limitations
provided, in pertinent part:

Any employee's claim for compensation under this Act shall be
barred unless an agreement or a petition as provided in Section
94 shall be filed within 2 years after the date of the injury, or, if
the employee is paid by the employer or the insurer, without the
filing of any petition or agreement, within 2 years of any
payment by such employer or insurer for benefits otherwise
required by this Act. . . .  No petition of any kind may be filed
more than 10 years following the date of the latest payment
made under this Act.

39 M.R.S.A. § 95 (Supp. 1982).{2}	
	[¶9]  The hospital contends that the word "payment" suggests a
payment of money and does not reasonably include a change of work duties. 
We agree.  We have traditionally interpreted the term "payment made under
the Act" to refer to monetary payments, either made directly to the
employee, as in the case of incapacity benefits, or to a third party for the
purchase of an employee benefit, for example, the payment of medical
expenses, see, e.g., Rutter v. Allstate Auto. Ins. Co., 655 A.2d 1258, 1259-60
(Me. 1995), or attorney fees, see Johnson v. Bath Iron Works Corp., 551
A.2d 838, 840 (Me. 1988).{3}   
	[¶10]  We have also interpreted the term "payment" to exclude an
employer's direct provision of medical care to an employee when there is no
"payment" to a third person.  In Wallace v. S.D. Warren Co., 640 A.2d 203,
204-05 (Me. 1994), we held that the provision of in-house medical
treatment was not a payment pursuant to the early pay system, 39 M.R.S.A.
§ 51-B (1989), repealed by P.L. 1991, ch. 885, § A-7, for purposes of tolling
the two-year statute of limitations.{4}  We stated: "It is difficult to construe
[the] language [of the first sentence of section 95] to apply to the direct
provision of services at an employer's first aid station."  Id.  Similarly, in
Joyce v. S.D. Warren Co., 2000 ME 163, ¶ 22, 759 A.2d 712, 717, we held
that in-house medical treatment was not a "payment" pursuant to the
medical benefits section, former 39 M.R.S.A. § 52 (1989), repealed and
replaced by P.L. 1991, ch. 885, §§ A-7, A-8 (codified at 39-A M.R.S.A. § 206
(2001)), for purposes of tolling the two-year statute.{5}  Finally, in Moreau,
2000 ME 62, ¶ 9, 748 A.2d at 1004, we held that the provision of in-house
medical treatment was not a "payment made under this Act" for purposes of
the ten-year statute of repose.  This trilogy of cases holds that the term
"payment" in the statute of limitations refers to the payment of money for a
benefit or service, rather than the provision of some other direct benefit.{6}
	[¶11]  The hearing officer purported to rely on our decision in Eaton,
502 A.2d at 1043, which was expressly decided on other grounds and does
not decide the question raised here.  In Eaton, the employee argued, in
part, that his transfer to lighter work was a payment for purposes of the
statute of limitations.  Id.  We rejected the employee's contention because
there was no evidence that the work transfer in Eaton occurred as a result
of the employee's injury.  Id.  We stated: "This Court has never decided that
transfer of an employee to lighter duty work for the same or higher pay
constitutes 'payment for benefits' that tolls the statute of limitations under
section 95."  Id.  The instant case requires us to address the issue that we
did not reach in Eaton.  Consistent with the plain language of the statute, we
conclude that a transfer to light-duty employment is not a payment for the
purposes of tolling the statute of repose.
	[¶12]  Dahms also contends that the hearing officer's interpretation is
supported by the Legislature's recent amendment to the current statute of
limitations, 39-A M.R.S.A. § 306(2)(A) (2001).  The newly enacted
amendment provides:

A. The provision of medical care for an injury or illness by or
under the supervision of a health care provider employed by, or
under contract with, the employer is the payment of benefits
with respect to that injury or illness if:

(1) Care was provided for that injury or illness on 6 or
more occasions in the 12-month period after the initial
treatment; and

(2) The employer or the health care provider knew or
should have known that the injury or illness was work-
related.

For the purposes of this paragraph, "health care provider" has
the same meaning as provided in rules of the board.

P.L. 2001, ch. 435, § 1 (effective September 21, 2001), amending 39-A
M.R.S.A. § 306(2)(A) (2001).  We do not decide the multiple questions that
underlie the applicability of the new statute to this case because an
amendment to the statute of limitations cannot extend the life of a claim
that has previously expired.  See Rutter, 655 A.2d at 1259 ("[I]n the absence
of a legislative statement to the contrary, amendments to section 95 are
procedural and may be applied retroactively to extend the statute of
limitations as long as the employee's claim was not extinguished on the
effective date of the amendment") (emphasis added); Danforth v. L.L. Bean,
Inc., 624 A.2d 1231, 1232 (Me. 1993); Dobson v. Quinn Freight Lines, Inc.,
415 A.2d 814, 816 (Me. 1980).   In the present case, the last payment for
purposes of tolling the statute of repose occurred on June 26, 1987.  Dahms
filed his petitions for restoration and to fix medical benefits on July 7, 1998. 
Dahms' claim was therefore extinguished in June 1997, prior to the
effective date of the 2001 amendment.
	The entry is:

Decision of the hearing officer vacated.  Remanded
to the Workers' Compensation Board for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Attorney for employee:

Robert W. Kline, Esq. (orally)
Kline Law Offices
P O Box 7859
Portland, ME 04112

Attorneys for defendants:

Darby C. Urey, Esq. (orally)
Margaret Phair Sack, Esq.
Robinson Kriger & McCallum
P O Box 568
Portland, ME 04112

Fank W. DeLong, Esq.
Thompson & Bowie
P O Box 4630
Portonald, ME 04112