Ingraham v. Wright
Case Date: 11/04/1977
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Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case that upheld the disciplinary corporal punishment policy of Florida's public schools by a 5–4 vote.
James Ingraham was a 14-year-old eighth grade student at Charles R. Drew Junior High School[1] in 1970. On October 6, 1970, Ingraham was accused of failing to promptly leave "the stage of the school auditorium when asked to do so by a teacher".[2] He was then taken to the school principal's office, where he stated that he was not guilty of the accusation against him. Willie J. Wright, Jr., the principal, ordered Ingraham to bend over so that Wright could beat Ingraham with a spanking paddle. When Ingraham declined to bend over and allow himself to be beaten, he was forcibly placed face-down on the top of a table. Lemmie Deliford, the assistant principal, held Ingraham's arms and Solomon Barnes, an assistant to the principal, held Ingraham's legs. While Ingraham was being restrained, Wright used a spanking paddle to hit Ingraham more than 20 times.[3] The paddling was so severe that he suffered a hematoma requiring medical attention. Physicians instructed Ingraham to rest at home for a total of eleven days.[4] He and his parents sued the school, calling it "cruel and unusual punishment" and loss of liberty, but lost the case. The Court held that Florida state tort laws provided sufficient remedies to satisfy Ingraham's due process loss of liberty claims. The Court also held that the U.S. Constitution's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment does not apply to the corporal punishment of children in public schools, and that the constitution's due process clause does not require notice and a hearing prior to the imposition of corporal punishment in public schools.
The Supreme Court declined to consider the plaintiffs' substantive due process claims in Ingraham v. Wright. Lower courts have adopted a variety of approaches to the substantive due process issue, none of which offer much protection for students who are subjected to corporal punishment at school. The Supreme Court has repeatedly denied certiorari (judicial review) on the issue of whether school corporal punishment constitutes a substantive due process constitutional violation.[5]
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