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People v. Kopczick, No. 3-98-0290

3rd District, 14 April 2000

JUSTICE HOMER delivered the opinion of the court:

Defendant was charged with three counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault (720 ILCS 5/12--14(b)(1) (West 1994)) andthree counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (720 ILCS 5/12--16(d) (West 1994)). Following a jury trial, he wasconvicted and sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment on each count of criminal sexual assault with the sentences to runconcurrently. He was further sentenced to five years' imprisonment on each count of criminal sexual abuse to be servedconcurrently with each other, but consecutively to the former sentence.

Defendant appeals arguing that (1) he was not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt; (2) the trial judge erred in makingseveral evidentiary rulings; (3) the prosecutor committed reversible error during his closing argument; (4) the trial judgeerred in instructing the jury; and (5) the trial judge abused his discretion in sentencing defendant by considering animproper aggravating factor. We affirm on all issues.

FACTS

At trial, S.P. testified that her stepfather, defendant, had sexually abused her. The abuse began when she was in the sixth orseventh grade. The first incident occurred when defendant asked her to stay home from school. He asked her to come intohis bedroom to talk, gave her an alcoholic drink, and began to talk to her about sex. Defendant then had S.P. perform oralsex on him. Afterwards, she was upset and he said it would never happen again. However, within a few months, defendantperformed oral sex on S.P. and had sexual intercourse with her. S.P. testified that the sexual abuse continued through hersophomore year in high school and that the number of incidents were too numerous to count.

She recalled one incident where she and defendant were in the living room and defendant removed her underwear, pulledher pajamas up, and was rubbing her stomach. S.P.'s mother entered the room and began crying and asked what washappening. Defendant and S.P. told her nothing happened. When S.P. was a sophomore in high school, she told defendantthat she was not going to allow him to abuse her anymore.

In the summer of 1996, S.P. moved in with the Schotts, friends of the family, to help Mrs. Schott care for her children. S.P.told the Schotts about the abuse by her stepfather following a phone call from her sister.

Tammy Kopczick, defendant's wife and S.P.'s mother, testified that, on one occasion, she awoke in the middle of the night,walked into the living room, and saw defendant and S.P. lying on the floor. S.P. had a pillow over her face and she wascrying. Her pajamas were pulled up and she was not wearing underwear. Tammy started screaming and when defendantjumped up, she noticed his jogging pants were pulled down. Defendant cried and said he was sorry. He told her he was justrubbing S.P.'s stomach because she had a stomachache. Defendant and S.P. both told her that nothing happened.

Defendant, a police officer and former police chief, gave a voluntary confession (including a written statement) in which hestated that S.P. had performed oral sex on him a number of times and that he had touched her in a sexual manner. Defendantdenied that he ever had sexual intercourse with S.P.. He testified that he confessed because the officer taking his statementtold him that the only way defendant could get his family back together again was to admit that he had abused S.P..

ANALYSIS

I. Reasonable Doubt

Defendant argues that he was not proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Defendant was charged with committingcriminal sexual acts both before and after October 1991. He asserts that the evidence was insufficient because S.P. did nottestify regarding specific incidents during the latter time period.

Second, defendant contends that S.P.'s testimony was not credible and that she was motivated to lie because (1) she oftenfought with her parents; (2) defendant made unfulfilled promises that S.P. would get her own bedroom and a car; and (3)she was told that she would have to help pay for college and pay part of the expenses when she moved home after livingwith the Schotts. Defendant also asserts that S.P.'s testimony was rife with inconsistencies, including the fact that shetestified that defendant's hernia scar was on the left side of his body when it was actually on the right.

Further, defendant denies that there was an opportunity to commit the offenses because the house was small and filled withchildren and defendant was often out in the evenings.

Defendant also questions Tammy's credibility given her purported inconsistent testimony regarding the "living roomincident" when Tammy found defendant and S.P. lying on the floor partially clothed. He asserts that when testifying at ahearing for an order of protection, Tammy never mentioned that defendant's jogging pants were pulled down during theincident. Defendant adds that neither he nor S.P. ever testified that anything of a sexual nature occurred during that incident.

Finally, defendant attempts to explain his statements to the police where he admitted that S.P. had performed oral sex onhim and that while he was rubbing her stomach (during the "living room incident") his "hand probably touched her vagina."He asserts that after three or four hours of interrogation, he broke down and agreed to admit anything S.P. said about him inorder to get his family back.

When presented with a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, it is not this court's function to retry the defendant.People v. Gay, 239 Ill. App. 3d 1023, 1026, 607 N.E.2d 299, 301 (1993). Rather, the relevant question on appeal is whethera rational trier of fact, after viewing all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, could have found theessential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Collins, 106 Ill. 2d 237, 261, 478 N.E.2d 267,277 (1985). The determination of the weight to be given to witnesses' testimony, their credibility, and reasonable inferencesto be drawn from the evidence is the responsibility of the trier of fact. People v. Steidl, 142 Ill. 2d 204, 226, 568 N.E.2d837, 845 (1991). In making its determination, the jury is not required to accept the defendant's version of events but, rather,must consider the probability or improbabilities of his testimony, the circumstances surrounding the incident, and thetestimony of other witnesses. People v. Ranola, 153 Ill. App. 3d 92, 98, 505 N.E.2d 1191, 1196 (1987). On these issues, thejury was faced with questions of witness credibility and, by its verdict, decided these matters adversely to defendant.

Our review of the record indicates that, from the evidence presented, the jury could have found the essential elements of thecrime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. S.P. testified that defendant sexually abused her on an almost daily basis from thetime she was in the sixth or seventh grade through her sophomore year in high school giving detailed accounts of three ofthose incidents. She said that the abuse occurred in defendant's bedroom when he was supposed to be helping her withhomework, when she was home alone with him while her mother was at work, and in their van when they went fishingalone. Tammy testified that she witnessed defendant touching S.P. as he and S.P. lay partially clothed on the living roomfloor. Moreover, defendant himself admitted that he "probably touched [S.P.'s] vagina" during this incident and that she hadperformed oral sex on him on more than one occasion. Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution,we determine that defendant was proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

II. Evidentiary Rulings

Defendant further argues that the trial court erred in certain of its evidentiary rulings thus depriving him of a fair trial. Topreserve an issue for review, an objection to the alleged error must be made at trial and included in a posttrial motion.People v. Enoch, 122 Ill. 2d 176, 186, 522 N.E.2d 1124, 1130 (1988). Defendant did not include these particularcontentions in his motion for a new trial; thus, they are waived. However, the plain error doctrine permits a reviewing courtto consider issues waived on appeal if the evidence is closely balanced or if the error is of such magnitude that thedefendant is denied a fair trial. People v. Herrett, 137 Ill. 2d 195, 209-10, 561 N.E.2d 1, 7-8 (1990). Therefore, we examinedefendant's contentions pursuant to a plain error analysis.

a. S.P.'s Testimony

Over defense objection S.P. was allowed to testify that following a phone call from her sister in the summer of 1996, shetold the Schotts that defendant had sexually abused her. Defendant argues that this statement was hearsay that did not fallwithin any of the hearsay exceptions. The State contends that the testimony was admitted to show S.P.'s state of mind indeciding to report the abuse. While we agree with defendant that this testimony was admitted in error, we find that it did notrise to the level of plain error. A review of the record reveals that the evidence was not closely balanced, particularly givendefendant's confession, nor was this testimony of such magnitude that defendant was denied a fair trial.

Defendant next asserts that the trial court erred in allowing the prosecutor to ask S.P. leading questions regarding theoffenses that took place after she turned 13 and in allowing S.P. to testify repetitively during this same line of questioning.While leading questions directed to young children who are victims of sexual abuse may be properly allowed (see People v.Ridgeway, 194 Ill. App. 3d 881, 885, 551 N.E.2d 790, 792 (1990)), S.P. was 19 years old at the time of trial and fully ableto testify; thus, leading questions were inappropriate in this instance. However, her testimony did not amount to plain errorbecause it was cumulative of other testimony properly presented. Earlier on direct examination, she had testified that theabuse by defendant occurred on a regular basis until she was a sophomore in high school.

Finally, defendant contends that the trial court erred in allowing S.P. to testify in a narrative, unresponsive fashion duringcross-examination. However, the passage cited by defendant reflects that he was slow to object to this testimony.Additionally, S.P.'s response was repetitive of earlier testimony and did not deprive defendant of a fair trial. Therefore, wedetermine that no plain error occurred in this instance.

b. Tammy's Testimony

Defendant argues that the trial court erred when it sustained the prosecutor's hearsay objection to Tammy's testimony thatS.P. told Tammy she believed Tammy did not love her anymore. Defendant asserts that this testimony would havesupported defendant's theory that S.P. had several motives to lie about the abuse. In fact when the prosecutor objected tothis testimony, the defense attorney did not respond or offer any hearsay exception as a rationale for the introduction ofsuch testimony. In addition, he was allowed to introduce this same hearsay testimony through defendant, so we are notpersuaded that he was prejudiced by the trial court's ruling.

c. Rape Shield Statute

Defendant contends that the trial court erred in finding that testimony regarding "general problems" S.P. had with herprevious stepfather violated section 115--7(a) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, commonly referred to as the rapeshield statute. 725 ILCS 5/115--7(a) (West 1998). Under this section, in prosecutions for certain sex crimes, evidence ofprior sexual activity of the alleged victim is inadmissable except under certain circumstances, not applicable here.Defendant sought several times to introduce evidence regarding S.P.'s accusations of sexual abuse by her prior stepfather,but the court ruled that such testimony violated section 115--7(a). Finally, defendant requested that defendant be allowed totestify that S.P. had "general problems" with her prior stepfather, but the court would not allow this testimony for the samereason.

We determine that the trial court did not err in prohibiting such testimony. Whether S.P. had general problems with herprior stepfather was not relevant to defendant's case, and defendant was not prejudiced by its preclusion. Accordingly,defendant suffered no plain error.

III. Prosecutorial misconduct

Defendant asserts that the prosecutors committed error during their closing argument when they (1) mentioned thatdefendant took S.P.'s virginity; (2) vouched for the credibility of S.P. and Tammy; and (3) told the jury that the only waydefendant could be believed would be if all the State's witnesses were wrong. Defendant also asserts that the prosecutorviolated the rape shield statute when she asked S.P. on direct examination if she was a virgin prior to her first sexualencounter with defendant.

Defendant failed to object to the virginity comments during trial or in his motion for a new trial. Accordingly, we will onlyconsider them under the plain error doctrine. Our supreme court has held that neither defendant nor the State may introduceevidence of a victim's past sexual history. People v. Sandoval, 135 Ill. 2d 159, 170-71, 552 N.E.2d 726, 731 (1990).Clearly, the State erred in raising the issue of S.P.'s virginity. However, as noted above, the evidence in this case was notclosely balanced. Furthermore, defendant has not demonstrated how these comments deprived him of a fair trial; thus, wefind no plain error.

Defendant next argues that the prosecutor committed error when he stated that he would "submit that Tammy['s] and[S.P.'s] memories are accurate ***, and [he] would ask that [the jury] believe them," and when he stated that defendantwould have the jury believe that all of the State's witnesses were lying. Defense counsel did not object to the first comment,nor did he include either of these contentions in his motion for a new trial; thus, they are waived.

Improper prosecutorial remarks can be cured by an instruction to the jury to disregard argument not based on the evidenceand to consider instead only the evidence presented to it. People v. Thomas, 172 Ill. App. 3d 172, 179, 526 N.E.2d 467, 471(1988). Moreover, such comments will not justify setting aside a conviction unless they resulted in substantial prejudice andwere a material factor in the defendant's conviction. Thomas, 172 Ill. App. 3d at 179, 526 N.E.2d at 471. While theprosecutor's remarks sub judice bordered on being inappropriate, we note that the jury was instructed that closing argumentsare not evidence and to disregard any argument not based on the evidence. Furthermore, we are not persuaded that theseremarks were a material factor in defendant's conviction, given the evidence presented. Consequently, we will not find thatthese remarks constituted plain error.

IV. Jury Instruction

Defendant argues he was improperly denied a jury instruction regarding the use of prior inconsistent statements. Whether toissue a specific jury instruction is within the province of the trial court, and such a decision will not be reversed absent anabuse of discretion. People v. Morgan, 307 Ill. App. 3d 707, 715, 718 N.E.2d 206, 214 (1999).

Defendant asserts that each of the State's witnesses made a prior inconsistent statement that the jury should have beenallowed to consider as substantive evidence pursuant to section 115--10.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which statesin part: