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SECOND DIVISION
January 27, 2004
(NUNC PRO TUNC December 9, 2003

No. 1-02-2676

Plaintiff Kathy Monroe appeals the trial court order dismissing her loss of consortiumaction against defendants Advocate Trinity Hospital, Dr. Nasrullah M. Basha, Dr. Vivek Sachdev,Dr. Greta A. Bell and National Emergency Services Midwest, Inc. We affirm.

Alvin and Kathy Monroe were married on April 27, 1999. Shortly before their marriage,Alvin sought treatment for priapism, a condition associated with an abnormal, painful andcontinued erection of the penis. Alvin was admitted to Advocate Trinity Hospital, where heunderwent surgery to relieve his erection. Dr. Basha allegedly assured Kathy that the surgery wasa success and Alvin's penis would "operate normally" after the swelling from the surgery wentaway. The couple married despite Alvin's medical condition and recovery. Once the swellingstopped, Kathy and Alvin attempted to consummate their marriage. The attempt wasunsuccessful because Alvin could not obtain an erection, nor has he been able to obtain anerection since the surgery.

Alvin and Kathy filed a four-count complaint against defendants. The first three countsalleged that defendants' negligence resulted in personal injuries to Alvin. The fourth count wasbrought by Kathy and alleged loss of consortium. The trial court granted defendants' motion todismiss Kathy's loss of consortium claim on the ground that the couple was not married at thetime the injury occurred.

We review de novo the trial court's order dismissing Kathy's claim under section 2-619(a)(9) of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-619(a)(9) (West 2000)). See Epstein v.Chicago Board of Education, 178 Ill. 2d 370, 383, 687 N.E.2d 1042 (1997).

Kathy argues on appeal that she should be permitted to maintain a loss of consortiumaction despite the fact that the act causing Alvin's injury occurred before the marriage because theinjury was not discovered until after the marriage. Kathy's argument relies on two basic premises:(1) a consortium claim is a derivative action predicated on a directly injured spouse's cause ofaction for personal injury; and (2) the discovery rule applicable to medical malpractice actionsextends to loss of consortium claims arising out of such actions (see 735 ILCS 5/13-203 (West2000)). Kathy asks that we join these two principles and apply the discovery rule to save a loss ofconsortium action where the injury to the spouse occurred before the marriage but was not knownuntil after the marriage. Kathy cites Furby v. Raymark Industries, Inc., 154 Mich. App. 339, 397N.W.2d 303 (1986), where the Michigan Court of Appeals did just that.

The facts in Furby are similar to the facts here. Plaintiff Kenneth Furby filed an asbestos-related personal injury action. Furby, 154 Mich. App. at 341, 397 N.W.2d at 303. Included inthe complaint was a claim by Kenneth's wife, Shelbie, for loss of consortium. Furby, 154 Mich.App. at 341, 397 N.W.2d at 303. Shelbie's claim was dismissed on the ground that Kenneth'sexposure to the asbestos occurred before the marriage. Furby, 154 Mich. App. at 342-43, 397N.W.2d at 304. Shelbie argued on appeal that her husband's cause of action did not accrue untilafter the marriage when the injury became known. Furby, 154 Mich. App. at 345, 397 N.W.2d at305. Due to the derivative nature of a loss of consortium action, Shelbie maintained that herconsortium claim also accrued after the marriage and should have been allowed. Furby, 154Mich. App. at 345, 397 N.W.2d at 305. The court agreed and applied the discovery rule to saveShelbie's loss of consortium claim. Furby, 154 Mich. App. at 348, 397 N.W.2d at 306-07.

Furby fails to take into account the unique nature of a claim for loss of consortium or thepurpose of the discovery rule. As the dissent in Furby aptly points out, a loss of consortium claimevolves out of the marital relationship and the rights arising from that relationship. Furby, 154Mich. App. at 349, 397 N.W.2d at 307 (Danhof, C.J., dissenting). Although a loss of consortiumaction is necessarily predicated on the claim of a directly injured spouse in that it arises from thesame operative facts, it is legally separate and distinct from the directly injured spouse's cause ofaction. See Sostock v. Reiss, 92 Ill. App. 3d 200, 206, 415 N.E.2d 1094 (1980). The basis forrecovery for loss of consortium is interference with the continuance of a healthy and happymarriage and injury to the conjugal relation. Blagg v. Illinois F.W.D. Truck and Equipment Co.,143 Ill. 2d 188, 200, 572 N.E.2d 290 (1991).

In Sostock, 92 Ill. App. 3d 200, we held that a husband cannot maintain a cause of actionfor loss of consortium where the injury to his wife occurred shortly before the couple's marriage. We analyzed the plaintiff's loss of consortium claim under basic negligence principles. Sostock,92 Ill. App. 3d at 206. Recognizing that consortium involves the rights and privileges inherent inthe marital relationship, we held that where no marital relationship exists, a defendant cannot owea duty to refrain from interfering in the relationship. Sostock, 92 Ill. App. 3d at 206. Wherethere is no duty, there can be no recovery in a tort for negligence. Sostock, 92 Ill. App. 3d at206.

The same result is reached here. Kathy alleged that as a "direct and proximate result of[defendants'] conduct, *** Kathy has lost the service of her husband, and she has been deprivedof his affection, society, companionship and consortium." At the time of defendants' allegednegligent conduct of which Kathy complains, there was no marital relationship. Kathy's complaintfails to establish a duty owed to her by defendants.

Kathy attempts to maneuver around this result by narrowing the issue to whether hercause of action accrued before or after the marriage. However, the postmarital discovery of apremarital injury cannot create a cause of action for loss of consortium where none existed in thefirst place.

Although we have not yet been presented with this exact issue, we are persuaded by otherjurisdictions that have rejected Furby's application of the discovery rule to save otherwise legallyinsufficient loss of consortium actions. See Zwicker v. Altamont Emergency Room PhysiciansMedical Group, 98 Cal. App. 4th 26, 118 Cal. Rptr. 2d 912 (2002); Fullerton v. Hospital Corp. ofAmerica, 660 So. 2d 389 (Fla. App. 1995); Doe v. Cherwitz, 518 N.W.2d 362 (Iowa 1994). Asthe court in Doe pointed out, the discovery rule was adopted to avoid the harsh consequences ofa statute of limitations by postponing the starting of the period until the injured party knew orshould have known of his injury. Doe, 518 N.W.2d at 365; see also Koelle v. Zwiren, 284 Ill.App. 3d 778, 786, 672 N.E.2d 868 (1996). The discovery rule anticipates that the claimant had avalid cause of action within the period of limitations but was unaware of it. Doe, 518 N.W.2d at365. Here, there was no valid cause of action at the time the injury occurred because there wasno marital relationship. The discovery rule was not intended to cover such circumstances. Simplystated, "[t]he *** discovery rule has no place in determining whether a tort claim ever arose inthe first place." (Emphasis in original.) Zwicker, 98 Cal. App. 4th at 34, 118 Cal. Rptr. 2d at918.

Nor do we have authority to expand the scope of the discovery rule to save Kathy's causeof action. "The responsibility for the wisdom or justice of legislation rests with the legislature,and courts may not rewrite statutes to make them consistent with the court's idea of orderlinessand public policy." People v. Wright, 194 Ill. 2d 1, 29, 740 N.E.2d 755 (2000). The discoveryrule applicable to medical malpractice actions provides that a claimant must bring his cause ofaction within two years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use ofreasonable diligence should have known, of the existence of the injury. 735 ILCS 5/13-212 (West2000). The legislature has deemed it appropriate to extend the discovery rule to loss ofconsortium actions to provide that such actions:

"shall be commenced within the same period of time as actions for damages for injury tosuch other person. Where the time in which the cause of action of the injured personwhose injuries give rise to the cause of action brought under this Section is tolled orotherwise extended by [section 13-212 (discovery rule)], the time in which the cause ofaction must be brought under this Section is also tolled or extended to coincide with theperiod of time in which the injured person must commence his or her cause of action." 735 ILCS 5/13-203 (West 2000).

The discovery rule applies to the time in which a loss of consortium action must be filed. There isno indication that the legislature intended that this rule apply to permit loss of consortium actionswhere the underlying injury occurred before the marriage but was not known until after themarriage.

The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.

Affirmed.

BURKE and GARCIA, JJ., concur.