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SIXTH DIVISION

November 27, 2002

JUSTICE GALLAGHER delivered the opinion of the court:

This expedited appeal involves the validity of petitions seeking to place two referenda onthe ballot of the Village of Brookfield (the Village) for the November 5, 2002, general election. The Municipal Officers Electoral Board of the Village of Brookfield (the Electoral Board) foundthat the petitions substantially complied with section 28-3 of the Election Code (10 ILCS 5/28-3(West Supp. 2001)) (the Code). The circuit court affirmed the Electoral Board's decision. TheVillage and three individuals⁽¹⁾ (to whom we refer collectively in this appeal as the petitioners)have appealed the circuit court's ruling. We affirm the judgment of the circuit court.

In July 2002, several citizens of Brookfield circulated petitions seeking the placement oftwo "back door" referenda on the ballot for the November 5 general election. Section 28-2(f) ofthe Code defines a "back door" referendum as "the submission of a public question to the votersof a political subdivision, initiated by a petition of voters or residents of such politicalsubdivision, to determine whether an action by the governing body of such subdivision shall beadopted or rejected." 10 ILCS 5/28-2(f) (West 2000). The two referenda proposed in Brookfieldasked that the Village submit to the voters the question of whether the Village should issue$10,850,000 in general obligation bonds and $1,900,000 in taxable general obligation refundingbonds.

The petitions were to be signed by registered and legal voters of the Village and filed withthe Village. The circulators of the petitions obtained petition forms from the Village andcollected a sufficient number of signatures for each referendum. The petitions include thefollowing circulators' affidavits below the description of the nature of the petition and the voters'signatures and addresses:

"I, (circulator's name), of (circulator's address), Brookfield, Cook County,Illinois, do hereby certify that signatures on this petition were signed in mypresence within said Village and are genuine, and that no signatures on theforegoing petition were signed more than 90 days preceding the last day for thefiling of the petition, and that their respective addresses are correctly stated herein.

Signed and sworn to before me on this (date) by /s/ (circulator's signature).

(signature of notary public)

Notary Public

My commission expires: (date)

(notary seal)"

After the petitions were filed, the Village raised several objections, including that: (1) thepetition circulators did not properly attest that those who signed the petition were registeredvoters; and (2) the circulators' affidavits at the bottom of each petition were improperly signed. Following a hearing, the Electoral Board found that the petition forms complied with the Codeand that the circulators' affidavits sufficiently indicated the circulators intended to attest to thepetitions' veracity. The trial court affirmed the Electoral Board's decision, finding "substantialand sufficient compliance" with the Code.

This court has granted expedited consideration of this case under Supreme Court Rule311 (155 Ill. 2d R. 311). In reviewing an electoral board decision in a case involving questionsof law, such as the interpretation of a statute, our standard of review is de novo. Bill v. EducationOfficers Electoral Board of Community Consolidated School District No. 181, 299 Ill. App. 3d548, 550-51, 701 N.E.2d 262, 264 (1998).

Petitioners' first contention is that the circulators' affidavits failed to state that those whosigned the petition were registered voters. They argue that section 28-3 of the Code ismandatory, not directory. That section reads, in relevant part:

"At the bottom of each sheet of such petition shall be added a circulator'sstatement, signed by a person 18 years of age or older who is a citizen of theUnited States, stating the street address or rural route number, as the case may be,as well as the county, city, village or town, and state; certifying that the signatureson that sheet of the petition were signed in his or her presence and are genuine,and that to the best of his or her knowledge and belief the persons so signing wereat the time of signing the petition registered voters of the political subdivision ordistrict or precinct or combination of precincts in which the question of publicpolicy is to be submitted and that their respective residences are correctly statedtherein." 10 ILCS 5/28-3 (West Supp. 2001).

We agree with petitioners that the requirement that the circulator of a petition attest thatthe signers were registered voters is mandatory. See Watson v. Howard, 322 Ill. App. 3d 562,565, 749 N.E.2d 427, 429 (2001) ("shall" in legislative provision generally interpreted to bemandatory); Schumann v. Kumarich, 102 Ill. App. 3d 454, 457-58, 430 N.E.2d 99, 101 (1981). Ifa statute imposes duties and expressly states that the failure to perform those duties renders theproceeding void, courts are generally bound to interpret those provisions as mandatory; however,the statute is directory if it merely provides that certain procedures should be done in a particulartime and manner "and does not declare that their performance is essential to the validity of theproceeding." People ex rel. Village of Grayslake v. Village of Round Lake Beach, 242 Ill. App.3d 750, 756, 609 N.E.2d 1061, 1066 (1993). We construe section 28-3 to be mandatory since itincludes the following sentence, "No signature shall be valid or be counted in considering thevalidity or sufficiency of such petition unless the requirements of this Section are compliedwith." 10 ILCS 5/28-3 (West Supp. 2001).

However, substantial compliance can satisfy even a mandatory provision of the Code. King v. Justice Party, 284 Ill. App. 3d 886, 890, 672 N.E.2d 900, 903 (1996). In Sakonyi v.Lindsey, 261 Ill. App. 3d 821, 634 N.E.2d 444 (1994), this court discussed the purpose of thecirculator's affidavit and the language in section 28-3 requiring the circulator's address:

"It is assumed by [the circulator's] sworn statement that the circulator issubjecting herself to possible perjury prosecution. Thus, the circulator's affidavitrequirement is considered a meaningful and realistic method of eliminatingfraudulent signatures and protecting the integrity of the political process." Sakonyi, 261 Ill. App. 3d at 826, 634 N.E.2d at 447.

The appellate court held that the omission of the circulator's address from three of thefour petitions verified by the circulator constituted substantial compliance with section 28-3because the circulator's address was present on one petition and was thus available for use inlocating her. Sakonyi, 261 Ill. App. 3d at 826, 634 N.E.2d at 447-48. Similarly, in Schumann,the court held that the candidate-circulator substantially complied with section 10-4 of the Codewhen his address was omitted from his affidavit but was included elsewhere in the petition. Schumann, 102 Ill. App. 3d at 459, 430 N.E.2d at 102. However, the Schumann court found thecirculators' affidavits insufficient because the affidavits did not attest that the petition signerswere registered voters, as required by the Code, but instead stated that the signers were "qualifiedvoters." Schumann, 102 Ill. App. 3d at 459, 430 N.E.2d at 102-03.

This court has recently addressed its ability to consider language elsewhere in a petitionin determining the validity of a circulator's affidavit. In Nolan v. Cook County Officers ElectoralBoard, 329 Ill. App. 3d 52, 54, 56-57, 768 N.E.2d 216, 220-21 (2002), the court incorporated byreference the prefatory language that the signers were "qualified primary voters" and that thesigners requested a candidate's nomination as state senator for the "18th senatorial district" intothe circulator's affidavit that the signers were "qualified voters of the DEMOCRATIC PARTY." The Nolan court found that the language substantially complied with section 8-8 of the Code,which required the circulators' affidavits to state that the petition signers were "qualified primaryvoters for which the nomination is sought." 10 ILCS 5/8-8 (West Supp. 2001); Nolan, 329 Ill.App. 3d at 57, 768 N.E.2d at 220.

In limiting its holding to the facts before it, the Nolan court stated:

"[W]here, as here, the prefatory language of a candidate's signature sheetssufficiently represents that all of the signers satisfy a particular certificationrequirement, it neither serves a useful purpose nor aids in preserving the integrityof the electoral process [citation] to exclude the candidate from participation forfailure to demonstrate strict compliance with the relevant statutory provision." Nolan, 329 Ill. App. 3d at 58, 768 N.E.2d at 220.

Petitioners contend that the circumstances here more closely resemble Schumann andHavens v. Miller, 102 Ill. App. 3d 558, 429 N.E.2d 1292 (1981), than Nolan because thecirculators' affidavits in this case are devoid of language to indicate that the circulators attestedthat the petition signers were registered voters. In Nolan, the relevant language was presentelsewhere in the petition and was read in conjunction with the phrase in the circulator's affidavitthat the signers were qualified voters of the Democratic party.

We believe that Nolan espouses the more logical position that a court may consider thelanguage of a petition as a whole in determining whether a petition meets requirements of theCode relating to circulators' affidavits. In the instant case, the opening line of each petitionbegan: "We, the undersigned, being registered voters of the Village of Brookfield, Cook County,Illinois ***." This phrase indicated that the petition signers met the requirement of section 28-3. This result is especially appropriate where, as here, petitioners have raised no allegations of fraudor misconduct and do not contend that the petition signers were not registered voters. Accordingly, we hold that the petitions at issue substantially complied with section 28-3 of theCode.

Our reliance on Nolan leads us to address an important point in this case, namely that inthis appeal, the Village criticizes a form that it created. Section 28-2(f) of the Code requires theVillage to provide a petition form for a "back door" referendum upon request to any individualrequesting such a form. 10 ILCS 5/28-2(f) (West 2000). Petitioners respond that the Village'sorigination of the form does not estop them from challenging the failure of the petitioncirculators to provide on the petitions the information that the Code requires. Petitioners note theSchumann court's statement, with which we agree, that the responsibility of a public body toprovide forms does not "absolve[] the candidates of the duty to provide the information requiredby statute to ensure a place on a ballot." Schumann, 102 Ill. App. 3d at 461, 430 N.E.2d at 103. However, the concerns present in Schumann and in Havens are absent here. Schumann andHavens involved nominating petitions for candidates for a community college board of trusteesand a school board, respectively. In this case, the petitions were not submitted in favor of anindividual's candidacy but instead for the placement of a referendum on the Village ofBrookfield ballot. Under these facts, the Village of Brookfield is estopped from arguing that theform that it provided to the proponents of the "back door" referenda was inadequate under theCode.

Petitioners' final assertion is that the petitions were invalid because the circulators did notproperly sign the circulators' affidavits below the affidavit and above the notarial jurat and thatthe Electoral Board therefore erred in finding that the affidavits were in substantial compliancewith the Code.

An affidavit is a written declaration under oath sworn to before a person with authorityunder the law to administer oaths. Mugavero v. Kenzler, 317 Ill. App. 3d 162, 165, 739 N.E.2d979, 982 (2000). Courts have generally excused clerical errors in notarial jurats where the affiantis otherwise correctly identified. See Cintuc, Inc., v. Kozubowski, 230 Ill. App. 3d 969, 974, 596N.E.2d 101, 104 (1992). It is undisputed that the circulators signed the petition forms; the issuestems from the location of their signatures. As shown in the prior description of the forms, theforms did not include a blank line for the circulator's signature below the circulator's affidavitand above the notarial jurat. In attempting to attest to the petitions' validity, the circulators ofevery petition completed in this case signed the blank line of the notarial jurat that is customarilysigned by the notary public as a verification of the circulators' signatures. The circulators'signatures were preceded by the phrase, "Signed and sworn to before me on this (date) by." It isreasonable to presume that in signing the blank line that followed those words, which was theonly unlabeled signature line below the circulator's affidavit (the other signature line was marked"Notary Public"), the circulator intended to attest to the validity of the signatures on the petition. We again find it relevant that the Village supplied the petition forms and that the petitioners haveraised no allegations of fraud in the completion of the petitions. We therefore find thecirculators' signatures sufficient to indicate their attestation to the validity of the signatures onthe petitions.

Accordingly, for all of the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court.

Affirmed.

O'BRIEN, P.J., and O'MARA FROSSARD, J., concur.

1. According to the briefs, Wilfred Brennan and Linda Stevanovich are Village trustees. The third individual named as a petitioner-appellant, Anthony Catanzaro, is not identifiedfurther.