CFR > Title 7 - Agriculture > SUBTITLE B—Regulations of the Department of Agriculture > CHAPTER I—AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (parts 27 to 206) > SUBCHAPTER C—REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 (parts 51 to 75) > PART 51—FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS 1,2 (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS) > SUBPART —United States Standards for Grades of Oranges (Texas and States Other Than Florida, California, and Arizona) (§51.680 to §51.714) > 51.713—Classification of defects.

51.713—Classification of defects.

Table IV
Factor Injury Damage Serious damage Very serious damage
Ammoniation Not occurring as light speck type Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter or light colored and aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Buckskin Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange. Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Caked melanose Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Creasing Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface.
Dryness or mushy condition Affecting all segments more than 1/4 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 1/2 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit Affecting all segments more than 3/4 inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit.
Green spots or oil spots More than slightly affecting appearance Aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter on a 200 size orange
Hail Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 3/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange.
Scab Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter on a 200 orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scale More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Scars Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade Deep, rough or hard aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 7/8 inch in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregation more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter. All areas based on a 200 size orange Deep, rough aggregating more than a circle 1/2 inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter. All areas based on a 200 size orange Deep, rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected.
Skin breakdown Aggregating more than a circle 1/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Sunburn Skin is flattened, dry, darkened or hard, aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface Affecting more than 1/3 of the surface, hard, decidedly one-sided, or light brown and aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface.
Code of Federal Regulations 378
Sprayburn Hard, or aggregating more than a circle 11/4 inches in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface.
Split, rough or protruding navels Split is unhealed; navel protrudes beyond general contour; opening is so wide, growth so folded and ridged that it detracts noticeably from appearance Split is unhealed, or more than 1/4 inch in length, or more than 3 well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded or ridged that it detracts materially from appearance Split is unhealed, or more than 1/2 inch in length, or aggregate length of all splits exceed 1 inch, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it seriously detracts from appearance Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened.
Thorn scratches Not slight, not well healed, or more unsightly than discoloration permitted in the grade Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 5/8 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle 3/4 inch in diameter on a 200 size orange Aggregating more than 5 percent of the surface.