86.235-94—Dynamometer procedure.
(a) Overview.
The emission sampling is completed over two test sequences, a “cold” start test after a minimum 12- hour and a maximum 36-hour soak according to the provisions of § 86.232 and a “hot” start test following the “cold” start test by 10 minutes. Engine startup, operation over the UDDS, and engine shut-down make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a continuously proportional sample is collected for analysis during each phase. The composite samples collected in bags are analyzed for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and, optionally, other pollutants. A parallel sample of the dilution air is similarly analyzed for carbon monoxide and, optionally, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
(b)
As long as an emission sample is not taken, practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point for the purpose of finding the minimum throttle action to maintain the proper speed-time relationship or to permit sampling system adjustment.
(d)
The dynamometer shall be warmed as recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer and using procedures or control methods that assure stability of the residual frictional horsepower.
(e)
The time between dynamometer warming and the start of the emission test shall be no longer than 10 minutes if the dynamometer bearings are not independently heated. If the dynamometer bearings are independently heated, the emission test shall begin no longer than 20 minutes after dynamometer warming.
(f)
If the dynamometer horsepower must be adjusted manually, it shall be set within one hour prior to the exhaust emission test phase. The test vehicle shall not be used to make the adjustment. Dynamometers using automatic control of preselectable power settings may be set anytime prior to the beginning of the emission test.
(g)
The driving distance, as measured by counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, shall be determined for the transient cold start, stabilized cold start, and transient hot start phases of the test.
(h)
Four-wheel drive vehicles will be tested in a two-wheel drive mode of operation. Full-time four-wheel drive vehicles will have one set of drive wheels temporarily disengaged by the vehicle manufacturer. Four-wheel drive vehicles which can be manually shifted to a two-wheel drive mode will be tested in the normal on-highway two-wheel drive mode of operation.