86.1313-2004—Fuel specifications.
Section 86.1313-04 includes text that specifies requirements that differ from §§ 86.1313-94 and 86.1313-98. Where a paragraph in § 86.1313-94 or § 86.1313-98 is identical and applicable to § 86.1313-04, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved]. For guidance see § 86.1313-94.” or “[Reserved]. For guidance see § 86.1313-98.”.
(a) Gasoline fuel.
(1)
Gasoline having the following specifications will be used by the Administrator in exhaust and evaporative emission testing of petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle engines, except that the Administrator will not use gasoline having a sulfur specification higher than 0.0045 weight percent. Gasoline having the following specification or substantially equivalent specifications approved by the Administrator, must be used by the manufacturer in exhaust and evaporative testing except that octane specifications do not apply:
| Item | ASTM test method No. | Value |
|---|---|---|
| (i) Octane, Research, Min. | D2699 | 93 |
| (ii) Sensitivity, Min. | 7.5 | |
| (iii) Lead (organic), maximum: g/U.S. gal. (g/liter) | D3237 | 0.050 (0.013) |
| (iv) Distillation Range: | D86 | |
| (A) IBP 1: °F ( °C) | 75-95 (23.9-35) | |
| (B) 10 pct. point: °F ( °C) | 120-135 (48.9-57.2) | |
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| (C) 50 pct. point: °F ( °C) | 200-230 (93.3-110) | |
| (D) 90 pct. point: °F ( °C) | 300-325 (148.9-162.8) | |
| (E) EP, max: °F ( °C) | 415 (212.8) | |
| (v) Sulfur, weight pct. | D1266 | 0.0015-0.008 |
| (vi) Phosphorous, max. g/U.S. gal (g/liter) | D3231 | 0.005 (0.0013) |
| (vii) RVP 2,3 | D3231 | 8.7-9.2 (60.0-63.4) |
| (viii) Hydrocarbon composition: | D1319 | |
| (A) Olefins, max. pct. | 10 | |
| (B) Aromatics, max, pct. | 35 | |
| (C) Saturates | Remainder | |
| 1 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified range is 75-105 deg. F (23.9-40.6 deg. C). | ||
| 2 For testing which is unrelated to evaporative emission control, the specified range is 8.0-9.2 psi (55.2-63.4 kPa). | ||
| 3 For testing at altitudes above 1,219 m (4000 feet), the specified range is 7.6-8.0 psi (52-55 kPa). | ||
(2)
For engines certified for sale in the 50 United States, “California Phase 2” gasoline having the specifications listed in the table in this section may be used in exhaust emission testing as an option to the specifications in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. If a manufacturer elects to utilize this option, the manufacturer must conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications listed in the table in this paragraph (a)(2). However, the Administrator may use or require the use of test fuel meeting the specifications in paragraph (a)(1) of this section for certification confirmatory testing, selective enforcement auditing and in-use testing. All fuel property test methods for this fuel are contained in Chapter 4 of the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). These requirements are incorporated by reference (see § 86.1 ). The table follows:
| Fuel property | Limit |
|---|---|
| (i) Octane, (R M)/2 (min) | 91 |
| (ii) Sensitivity (min) | 7.5 |
| (iii) Lead, g/gal (max) (No lead added) | 0-0.01 |
| (iv) Distillation Range, °F: | |
| (A) 10 pct. point, | 130-150 |
| (B) 50 pct. point, | 200-210 |
| (C) 90 pct. point, | 290-300 |
| (D) EP, maximum | 390 |
| (v) Residue, vol % (max) | 2.0 |
| (vi) Sulfur, ppm by wt. | 15-40, except that Administrator may use and approve for use, lower ranges where such ranges are consistent with current California requirements. |
| (vii) Phosphorous, g/gal (max) | 0.005 |
| (viii) RVP, psi | 6.7-7.0 |
| (ix) Olefins, vol % | 4.0-6.0 |
| (x) Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons (vol %) | 22-25 |
| (xi) Benzene, vol % | 0.8-1.0 |
| (xii) Multi-Substituted Alkyl Aromatic Hydrocarbons, vol % | 12-14 |
| (xiii) MTBE, vol % | 10.8-11.2 |
| (xiv) Additives | See Chapter 4 of the California Regulatory Requirements Applicable to the National Low Emission Vehicle Program (October, 1996). These procedures are incorporated by reference (see § 86.1 ). |
| (xv) Copper Corrosion | No. 1 |
| (xvi) Gum, Washed, mg/100 ml (max) | 3.0 |
| (xvii) Oxidation Stability, minutes (min) | 1000 |
| (xviii) Specific Gravity | No limit; report to purchaser required |
| (xix) Heat of Combustion | No limit; report to purchaser required |
| (xx) Carbon, wt % | No limit; report to purchaser required |
| (xxi) Hydrogen, wt % | No limit; report to purchaser required |
(3)
(i)
Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, unleaded gasoline representative of commercial gasoline that will be generally available through retail outlets must be used in service accumulation. Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, this gasoline must have a minimum sulfur content of 15 ppm. Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, fuel used for evaporative emission durability demonstration must contain ethanol as required by § 86.1824-01(a)(2)(iii). Leaded gasoline must not be used in service accumulation.
(ii)
Unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the octane rating of the gasoline used must be no higher than 1.0 Retail octane number above the lowest octane rating that meets the fuel grade the manufacturer will recommend to the ultimate purchaser for the relevant production vehicles. If the manufacturer recommends a Retail octane number rather than a fuel grade, then the octane rating of the service accumulation gasoline can be no higher than 1.0 Retail octane number above the recommended Retail octane number. The service accumulation gasoline must also have a minimum sensitivity of 7.5 octane numbers, where sensitivity is defined as the Research octane number minus the Motor octane number.
(iii)
The Reid Vapor Pressure of the gasoline used must be characteristic of the motor fuel used during the season in which the service accumulation takes place.
(4)
The specification range of the gasoline to be used under paragraph (a) of this section must be reported in accordance with § 86.094-21(b)(3).