165.110—Bottled water.
(a) Identity—
(1) Description.
Bottled water is water that is intended for human consumption and that is sealed in bottles or other containers with no added ingredients except that it may optionally contain safe and suitable antimicrobial agents. Fluoride may be optionally added within the limitations established in § 165.110(b)(4)(ii). Bottled water may be used as an ingredient in beverages (e.g., diluted juices, flavored bottled waters). It does not include those food ingredients that are declared in ingredient labeling as “water,” “carbonated water,” “disinfected water,” “filtered water,” “seltzer water,” “soda water,” “sparkling water,” and “tonic water.” The processing and bottling of bottled water shall comply with applicable regulations in part 129 of this chapter.
(2) Nomenclature.
The name of the food is “bottled water,” “drinking water,” or alternatively one or more of the following terms as appropriate:
(i)
The name of water from a well tapping a confined aquifer in which the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer is “artesian water” or “artesian well water.” Artesian water may be collected with the assistance of external force to enhance the natural underground pressure. On request, plants shall demonstrate to appropriate regulatory officials that the water level stands at some height above the top of the aquifer.
(ii)
The name of water from a subsurface saturated zone that is under a pressure equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure is “ground water.” Ground water must not be under the direct influence of surface water as defined in 40 CFR 141.2.
(iii)
The name of water containing not less than 250 parts per million (ppm) total dissolved solids (TDS), coming from a source tapped at one or more bore holes or springs, originating from a geologically and physically protected underground water source, may be “mineral water.” Mineral water shall be distinguished from other types of water by its constant level and relative proportions of minerals and trace elements at the point of emergence from the source, due account being taken of the cycles of natural fluctuations. No minerals may be added to this water.
(iv)
The name of water that has been produced by distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, or other suitable processes and that meets the definition of “purified water” in the United States Pharmacopeia, 23d Revision, January 1, 1995, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 551(a) and 1 CFR part 51. (Copies may be obtained from the United States Pharmacopial Convention, Inc., 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852 and may be examined at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. ), may be “purified water” or “demineralized water.” Alternatively, the water may be called “deionized water” if the water has been processed by deionization, “distilled water” if it is produced by distillation, “reverse osmosis water” if the water has been processed by reverse osmosis, and “___ drinking water” with the blank being filled in with one of the defined terms describing the water in this paragraph (e.g., “purified drinking water” or “deionized drinking water”).
(v)
The name of water that, after treatment and possible replacement of carbon dioxide, contains the same amount of carbon dioxide from the source that it had at emergence from the source may be “sparkling bottled water.”
(vi)
The name of water derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface of the earth may be “spring water.” Spring water shall be collected only at the spring or through a bore hole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. There shall be a natural force causing the water to flow to the surface through a natural orifice. The location of the spring shall be identified. Spring water collected with the use of an external force shall be from the same underground stratum as the spring, as shown by a measurable hydraulic connection using a hydrogeologically valid method between the bore hole and the natural spring, and shall have all the physical properties, before treatment, and be of the same composition and quality, as the water that flows naturally to the surface of the earth. If spring water is collected with the use of an external force, water must continue to flow naturally to the surface of the earth through the spring's natural orifice. Plants shall demonstrate, on request, to appropriate regulatory officials, using a hydrogeologically valid method, that an appropriate hydraulic connection exists between the natural orifice of the spring and the bore hole.
(vii)
The name of water that meets the requirements under “Sterility Tests” <71> in the United States Pharmacopeia, 23d Revision, January 1, 1995, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR 51. (Copies may be obtained from the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852 and may be examined at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. ), may be “sterile water.” Alternatively, the water may be called “sterilized water.”
(viii)
The name of water from a hole bored, drilled, or otherwise constructed in the ground which taps the water of an aquifer may be “well water.”
(3) Other label statements.
(i)
If the TDS content of mineral water is below 500 ppm, or if it is greater than 1,500 ppm, the statement “low mineral content” or the statement “high mineral content”, respectively, shall appear on the principal display panel following the statement of identity in type size at least one-half the size of the statement of identity but in no case of less than one-sixteenth of an inch. If the TDS of mineral water is between 500 and 1,500 ppm, no additional statement need appear.
(ii)
When bottled water comes from a community water system, as defined in 40 CFR 141.2, except when it has been treated to meet the definitions in paragraphs (a)(2)(iv) and (a)(2)(vii) of this section and is labeled as such, the label shall state “from a community water system” or, alternatively, “from a municipal source” as appropriate, on the principal display panel or panels. This statement shall immediately and conspicuously precede or follow the name of the food without intervening written, printed, or graphic matter, other than statements required by paragraph (c) of this section, in type size at least one-half the size of the statement of identity but in no case of less than one-sixteenth of an inch.
(iii)
When the label or labeling of a bottled water product states or implies (e.g., through label statements or vignettes with references to infants) that the bottled water is for use in feeding infants, and the product is not commercially sterile under § 113.3(e)(3)(i) of this chapter, the product's label shall bear conspicuously and on the principal display panel the statement “Not sterile. Use as directed by physician or by labeling directions for use of infant formula.”
(4) Label declaration.
Each of the ingredients used in the food shall be declared on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130 of this chapter.
(b) Quality.
The standard of quality for bottled water, including water for use as an ingredient in beverages (except those described in the labeling as “water,” “carbonated water,” “disinfected water,” “filtered water,” “seltzer water,” “soda water,” “sparkling water,” and “tonic water”), is as follows:
(1) Definitions.
(i)
Trihalomethane (THM) means one of the family of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, wherein three of the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular structure.
(ii)
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) means the sum of the concentration in milligrams per liter of the trihalomethane compounds (trichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and tribromomethane), rounded to two significant figures.
(iii)
Haloacetic acids (five) (HAA5) means the sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant figures after addition.
(2) Microbiological quality.
(i)
Bottled water shall, when a sample consisting of analytical units of equal volume is examined by the methods described in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, meet the following standards of microbiological quality:
(A) Total coliform—
(1) Multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) method. Not more than one of the analytical units in the sample shall have a most probable number (MPN) of 2.2 or more coliform organisms per 100 milliliters and no analytical unit shall have an MPN of 9.2 or more coliform organisms per 100 milliliters; or
(2) Membrane filter (MF) method. Not more than one of the analytical units in the sample shall have 4.0 or more coliform organisms per 100 milliliters and the arithmetic mean of the coliform density of the sample shall not exceed one coliform organism per 100 milliliters.
(B) E. coli.
If E. coli is present, then the bottled water will be deemed adulterated under paragraph (d) of this section.
(ii)
Analyses conducted to determine compliance with paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A) and (b)(2)(i)(B) of this section and § 129.35(a)(3)(i) of this chapter shall be made in accordance with the multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) or the membrane filter (MF) methods described in the applicable sections of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 21st Ed. (2005), American Public Health Association. The Director of the Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may obtain a copy from the American Public Health Association, 800 I St. NW., Washington, DC 20001, 202-777-2742 (APHA). You may inspect a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2163, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(3) Physical quality.
Bottled water shall, when a composite of analytical units of equal volume from a sample is examined by the method described in applicable sections of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 15th Ed. (1980), American Public Health Association, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 (copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I St. NW., Washington, DC 20001, 202-777-2742 (APHA), or a copy may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), or at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2163, for information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html ), meet the following standards of physical quality:
Code of Federal Regulations
Footnote(s): 1 Mineral water is exempt from allowable level. The exemptions are aesthetically based allowable levels and do not relate to a health concern.
(4) Chemical quality.
(i)
Bottled water shall, when a composite of analytical units of equal volume from a sample is examined by the methods described in paragraph (b)(4)(i)(B) of this section, meet standards of chemical quality and shall not contain chemical substances in excess of the following concentrations:
| Substance | Concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| Chloride1 | 250.0 |
| Iron1 | 0.3 |
| Manganese1 | 0.05 |
| Phenols | 0.001 |
| Total dissolved solids1 | 500.0 |
| Zinc 1 | 5.0 |
| 1 Mineral water is exempt from allowable level. The exemptions are aesthetically based allowable levels and do not relate to a health concern. | |
(B)
Analyses conducted to determine compliance with paragraph (b)(4)(i)(A) of this section shall be made in accordance with the methods described in the applicable sections of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 15th Ed. (1980), or “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EMSL), EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), both of which are incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
(C)
Analyses for organic substances shall be determined by the appropriate methods set forth below. The methods in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) (C)(1) and (C)(2) of this section are incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51 and are described in “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 15th Ed. (1980). Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I St. NW., Washington DC 20001, and examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) , or the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 200 C St. NW., Washington DC. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. The methods in paragraphs (b)(4)(i)(C)(3) and (C)(4) are cross-referenced in 40 CFR part 141, subpart C, appendix C.
(1) “Methods for Organochlorine Pesticides in Industrial Effluents;”
(2) “Methods for Chlorinated Phenoxy Acid Herbicides in Industrial Effluents,” November 28, 1973;
(3) “Part I: The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Finished Waters by the Purge and Trap Method;” which is cross-referenced in 40 CFR part 141, subpart C, appendix C;
(4) “Part II: The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by Liquid/Liquid Extraction,” which is cross-referenced in 40 CFR part 141, subpart C, appendix C;
(ii)
(A)
Bottled water packaged in the United States to which no fluoride is added shall not contain fluoride in excess of the levels in Table 1 and these levels shall be based on the annual average of maximum daily air temperatures at the location where the bottled water is sold at retail.
| Annual average of maximum daily air temperatures ( °F) | Fluoride concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| 53.7 and below | 2.4 |
| 53.8-58.3 | 2.2 |
| 58.4-63.8 | 2.0 |
| 63.9-70.6 | 1.8 |
| 70.7-79.2 | 1.6 |
| 79.3-90.5 | 1.4 |
(B)
Imported bottled water to which no fluoride is added shall not contain fluoride in excess of 1.4 milligrams per liter.
(C)
Bottled water packaged in the United States to which fluoride is added shall not contain fluoride in excess of levels in Table 2 and these levels shall be based on the annual average of maximum daily air temperatures at the location where the bottled water is sold at retail.
| Annual average of maximum daily air temperatures ( °F) | Fluoride concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| 53.7 and below | 1.7 |
| 53.8-58.3 | 1.5 |
| 58.4-63.8 | 1.3 |
| 63.9-70.6 | 1.2 |
| 70.7-79.2 | 1.0 |
| 79.3-90.5 | 0.8 |
(D)
Imported bottled water to which fluoride is added shall not contain fluoride in excess of 0.8 milligram per liter.
(iii)
Having consulted with EPA as required by section 410 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Food and Drug Administration has determined that bottled water, when a composite of analytical units of equal volume from a sample is examined by the methods listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(iii)(E) through (b)(4)(iii)(F), and (b)(4)(iii)(G) of this section, shall not contain the following chemical contaminants in excess of the concentrations specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(iii)(A) through (b)(4)(iii)(D) of this section.
| Contaminant | Concentration in milligrams per liter (or as specified) |
|---|---|
| Arsenic | 0.010 |
| Antimony | .006 |
| Barium | 2 |
| Beryllium | 0.004 |
| Cadmium | 0.005 |
| Chromium | 0.1 |
| Copper | 1.0 |
| Cyanide | 0.2 |
| Lead | 0.005 |
| Mercury | 0.002 |
| Nickel | 0.1 |
| Nitrate | 10 (as nitrogen) |
| Nitrite | 1 (as nitrogen) |
| Total Nitrate and Nitrite | 10 (as nitrogen) |
| Selenium | 0.05 |
| Thallium | 0.002 |
| Contaminant (CAS Reg. No.) | Concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| Benzene (71-43-2) | 0.005 |
| Carbon tetrachloride (56-23-5) | 0.005 |
| o- Dichlorobenzene (95-50-1) | 0.6 |
| p- Dichlorobenzene (106-46-7) | 0.075 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane (107-06-2) | 0.005 |
| 1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) | 0.007 |
| cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (156-59-2) | 0.07 |
| trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (156-60-5) | 0.1 |
| Dichloromethane (75-09-2) | 0.005 |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane (78-87-5) | 0.005 |
| Ethylbenzene (100-41-4) | 0.7 |
| Monochlorobenzene (108-90-7) | 0.1 |
| Styrene (100-42-5) | 0.1 |
| Tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) | 0.005 |
| Toluene (108-88-3) | 1 |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (120-82-1) | 0.07 |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (71-55-6) | 0.20 |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (79-00-5) | 0.005 |
| Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) | 0.005 |
| Vinyl chloride (75-01-4) | 0.002 |
| Xylenes (1330-20-7) | 10 |
(C)
The allowable levels for pesticides and other synthetic organic chemicals (SOC's) are as follows:
| Contaminant (CAS Reg. No.) | Concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| Alachlor (15972-60-8) | 0.002 |
| Atrazine (1912-24-9) | 0.003 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene (50-32-8) | 0.0002 |
| Carbofuran (1563-66-2) | 0.04 |
| Chlordane (57-74-9) | 0.002 |
| Dalapon (75-99-0) | 0.2 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (96-12-8) | 0.0002 |
| 2,4-D (94-75-7) | 0.07 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (103-23-1) | 0.4 |
| Dinoseb (88-85-7) | 0.007 |
| Diquat (85-00-7) | 0.02 |
| Endothall (145-73-3) | 0.1 |
| Endrin (72-20-8) | 0.002 |
| Ethylene dibromide (106-93-4) | 0.00005 |
| Glyphosate (1071-53-6) | 0.7 |
| Heptachlor (76-44-8) | 0.0004 |
| Heptachlor epoxide (1024-57-3) | 0.0002 |
| Hexachlorobenzene (118-74-4) | 0.001 |
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (77-47-4) | 0.05 |
| Lindane (58-89-9) | 0.0002 |
| Methoxychlor (72-43-5) | 0.04 |
| Oxamyl (23135-22-0) | 0.2 |
| Pentachlorophenol (87-86-5) | 0.001 |
| PCB's (as decachlorobiphenyl) (1336-36-3) | 0.0005 |
| Picloram (1918-02-1) | 0.5 |
| Simazine (122-34-9) | 0.004 |
| 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) (1746-01-6) | 3×10−8 |
| Toxaphene (8001-35-2) | 0.003 |
| 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) (93-72-1) | 0.05 |
(D)
The allowable levels for certain chemicals for which EPA has established secondary maximum contaminant levels in its drinking water regulations ( 40 CFR part 143) are as follows:
| Contaminant | Concentration in milligrams per liter |
|---|---|
| Aluminum | 0.2 |
| Silver | 0.1 |
| Sulfate 1 | 250.0 |
| 1 Mineral water is exempt from allowable level. The exemptions are aesthetically based allowable levels and do not relate to a health concern. | |
(E)
Analyses to determine compliance with the requirements of paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(A) of this section shall be conducted in accordance with an applicable method and applicable revisions to the methods listed in paragraphs (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1) through (b)(4)(iii)(E)(14) of this section and described, unless otherwise noted, in “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,” U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EMSL), Cincinnati, OH 45258 (EPA-600/4-79-020), March 1983, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of this publication are available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, 5825 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, or may be examined at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(1) Antimony shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 204.2—“Atomic Absorption; furnace technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(ii) Method 200.8—“Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry,” Rev. 4.4, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of this publication are available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, or may be examined at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(iii) Method 200.9—“Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” Rev. 1.2, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(iv) Method D-3697-92—“Standard Test Method for Antimony in Water,” contained in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vols. 11.01 and 11.02, 1995, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of this publication are available from American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428, or may be examined at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(2) Barium shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 208.2—“Atomic Absorption; furnace technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51, or
(ii) Method 208.1—“Atomic Absorption; direct aspiration,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(iii) Method 200.7—“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” Rev. 3.3, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(3) Beryllium shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 210.2—“Atomic Absorption; Furnace Technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(ii) Method 200.7—“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” Rev. 3.3, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(iii) Method 200.8—“Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry,” Rev. 4.4, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(iv) Method 200.9—“Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” Rev. 1.2, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(4) Cadmium shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 213.2—“Atomic Absorption; Furnace Technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(ii) Method 200.7—“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” Rev. 3.3, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(5) Chromium shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 218.2—“Atomic Absorption; furnace technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(ii) Method 200.7—“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” Rev. 3.3, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(6) Copper shall be measured as total recoverable metal without filtration using the following methods:
(i) Method 220.2—“Atomic Absorption; furnace technique,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51, or
(ii) Method 220.1—“Atomic Absorption; direct aspiration,” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of these incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E) of this section.
(iii) Method 200.7—“Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” Rev. 3.3, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(iv) Method 200.8—“Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry,” Rev. 4.4, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(v) Method 200.9—“Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry,” Rev. 1.2, April 1991, U.S. EPA, EMSL. The revision is contained in the manual entitled “Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples,” Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC 20460, (EPA/600/4-91/010), June 1991, which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The availability of this incorporation by reference is given in paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(E)(1 )(ii) of this section.
(7) Cyanide shall be measured using the following methods:
(i) Method 335.1—“Titrimetric; Spectrophotometric” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51, or
(ii) Method 335.2—“Titrimetric; Spectrophotometric” which is incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51, or