§ 9840a. Early Head Start programs
(a)
In general
The Secretary shall make grants to entities (referred to in this subchapter as “Early Head Start agencies”) in accordance with this section for programs (referred to in this subchapter as “Early Head Start programs”) providing family-centered services for low-income families with very young children designed to promote the development of the children, and to enable their parents to fulfill their roles as parents and to move toward self-sufficiency.
(b)
Scope and design of programs
In carrying out a program described in subsection (a) of this section, an entity receiving assistance under this section shall—
(1)
provide, either directly or through referral, early, continuous, intensive, and comprehensive child development and family support services that will enhance the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development of participating children;
(2)
ensure that the level of services provided to families responds to their needs and circumstances;
(4)
provide services to parents to support their role as parents (including parenting skills training and training in basic child development) and services to help the families move toward self-sufficiency (including educational and employment services, as appropriate);
(5)
coordinate services with services provided by programs in the State (including home-based services) and programs in the community (including programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities and programs for homeless infants and toddlers) to ensure a comprehensive array of services (such as health and mental health services and family support services);
(6)
ensure that children with documented behavioral problems, including problems involving behavior related to prior or existing trauma, receive appropriate screening and referral;
(7)
ensure formal linkages with local Head Start programs in order to provide for continuity of services for children and families;
(8)
develop and implement a systematic procedure for transitioning children and parents from an Early Head Start program to a Head Start program or other local early childhood education and development program;
(9)
establish channels of communication between staff of the Early Head Start program, and staff of a Head Start program or other local providers of early childhood education and development programs, to facilitate the coordination of programs;
(10)
in the case of a Head Start agency that operates a program and that also provides Head Start services through the age of mandatory school attendance, ensure that children and families participating in the program receive such services through such age;
(11)
ensure formal linkages with providers of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.), with the State interagency coordinating council, as established in part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), and with the agency responsible for administering section
5106a of this title;
(c)
Persons eligible to participate
Persons who may participate in programs described in subsection (a) of this section include—
who meet the eligibility criteria specified in section
9840
(a)(1) of this title, including the criteria specified in section
9840
(a)(1)(B)(ii) of this title.
(d)
Eligible service providers
To be eligible to receive assistance under this section, an entity shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. Entities that may apply to carry out activities under this section include—
(3)
other public entities, and nonprofit or for-profit private entities, including community-based and faith-based organizations, capable of providing child and family services that meet the standards for participation in programs under this subchapter and meet such other appropriate requirements relating to the activities under this section as the Secretary may establish.
(e)
Selection of grant recipients
The Secretary shall award grants under this section on a competitive basis to applicants meeting the criteria specified in subsection (d) of this section (giving priority to entities with a record of providing early, continuous, and comprehensive childhood development and family services).
(g)
Monitoring, training, technical assistance, and evaluation
(1)
Requirement
In order to ensure the successful operation of programs assisted under this section, the Secretary shall use funds made available under section
9835
(a)(2)(E) of this title to monitor the operation of such programs, and funds made available under section
9835
(a)(2)(C)(i)(I) of this title to provide training and technical assistance tailored to the particular needs of such programs, consistent with section
9835
(c) of this title.
(2)
Training and technical assistance
(A)
Activities
Of the portion set aside under section
9835
(a)(2)(C)(i)(I) of this title—
(i)
not less than 50 percent shall be made available to Early Head Start agencies to use directly, which may include, at their discretion, the establishment of local or regional agreements with community experts, institutions of higher education, or private consultants, for training and technical assistance activities in order to make program improvements identified by such agencies;
(ii)
not less than 25 percent shall be available to the Secretary to support a State-based training and technical assistance system, or a national system, described in section
9843
(e) of this title, including infant and toddler specialists, to support Early Head Start agencies, consistent with subparagraph (B); and
(iii)
the remainder of such amount shall be made available to the Secretary to assist Early Head Start agencies in meeting and exceeding the standards described in section
9836a
(a)(1) of this title (directly, or through grants, contracts, or other agreements or arrangements with an entity with demonstrated expertise relating to infants, toddlers, and families) by—
(I)
providing ongoing training and technical assistance to Early Head Start agencies, including developing training and technical assistance materials and resources to support program development and improvement and best practices in providing services to children and families served by Early Head Start programs;
(II)
supporting a national network of infant and toddler specialists designed to improve the quality of Early Head Start programs;
(III)
providing ongoing training and technical assistance on Early Head Start program development and improvement for regional staff charged with monitoring and overseeing the administration of the program carried out under this section; and
(IV)
if funds remain after the activities described in subclauses (I), (II), and (III) are carried out, carry out 1 or more of the following activities:
(aa)
Providing support and program planning and implementation assistance for new Early Head Start agencies, including for agencies who want to use funds as described in section
9840
(a)(5) of this title to serve infants and toddlers.
(B)
Contracts
For the purposes of supporting a State-based system, as described in subparagraph (A)(ii), that will meet the needs of Early Head Start agencies and provide high-quality, sustained, and intensive training and technical assistance on programming for infants and toddlers to Early Head Start agencies, and in order to help such agencies meet or exceed the standards described in section
9836a
(a)(1) of this title, the Secretary shall—
(i)
use funds reserved under subparagraph (A)(ii) in combination with funds reserved under section
9835
(a)(2)(C)(i)(II)(bb) of this title to ensure the contracts described in section
9843
(e)(1) of this title provide for a minimum of 1 full-time specialist with demonstrated expertise in the development of infants and toddlers; and
(h)
Center-based staff
The Secretary shall—
(1)
ensure that, not later than September 30, 2010, all teachers providing direct services to children and families participating in Early Head Start programs located in Early Head Start centers, have a minimum of a child development associate credential, and have been trained (or have equivalent coursework) in early childhood development; and
(i)
Staff qualifications and development
(1)
Home visitor staff standards
In order to further enhance the quality of home visiting services provided to families of children participating in home-based, center-based, or combination program options under this subchapter, the Secretary shall establish standards for training, qualifications, and the conduct of home visits for home visitor staff in Early Head Start programs.
(2)
Contents of standards
The standards for training, qualifications, and the conduct of home visits shall include content related to—
(A)
structured child-focused home visiting that promotes parents’ ability to support the child’s cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development;
(B)
effective strengths-based parent education, including methods to encourage parents as their child’s first teachers;
(D)
methods to help parents promote emergent literacy in their children from birth through age 3, including use of research-based strategies to support the development of literacy and language skills for children who are limited English proficient;