§ 3544. Preventing fraud and abuse in housing and urban development programs
(a)
Definitions
As used in this section:
(2)
Applicant; participant
The terms “applicant” and “participant” shall have such meanings as the Secretary by regulation shall prescribe, except that such terms shall include members of an applicant’s or participant’s household, and such terms shall not include persons whose involvement is only in their official capacity, such as State or local government officials and officers of lending institutions.
(4)
Program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
The term “program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development” includes Indian housing programs assisted under title II [1] of the United States Housing Act of 1937.
(b)
Applicant and participant consent
As a condition of initial or continuing eligibility for participation in any program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development involving initial and periodic review of an applicant’s or participant’s income, and to assure that the level of benefits provided under the program is correct, the Secretary may require that an applicant or participant—
(1)
sign a consent form approved by the Secretary authorizing the Secretary, the public housing agency, or the owner responsible for determining eligibility for or level of benefits to request current or previous employers to verify salary and wage information pertinent to the applicant’s or participant’s eligibility or level of benefits;
(2)
sign a consent form approved by the Secretary authorizing the Secretary or the public housing agency responsible for determining eligibility or level of benefits to request a State agency charged with the administration of the State unemployment law to release wage information with respect to such applicant or participant or information regarding whether such applicant or participant is receiving, has received, or has made application for, unemployment compensation, and the amount of any such compensation being received (or to be received) by such applicant or participant;
(3)
sign a consent form approved by the Secretary authorizing the Secretary to request the Commissioner of Social Security and the Secretary of the Treasury to release information pursuant to section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix) of title
26 with respect to such applicant or participant for the sole purpose of the Secretary verifying income information pertinent to the applicant’s or participant’s eligibility or level of benefits; and
(4)
only in the case of an applicant or participant that is a member of a family described in section 3(f)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a
(f)(2)), sign an agreement under which the applicant or participant agrees to provide to the appropriate public housing agency, or the owner responsible for determining the participant’s eligibility or level of benefits, the information required under section 3(f)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(f)(1)] for the sole purpose of verifying income information pertinent to the applicant’s or participant’s eligibility or level of benefits, and comply with such agreement.
(c)
Access to records
(2)
Applicant and participant protections
(A)
In order to protect applicants for, and recipients of, benefits under the programs of the Department of Housing and Urban Development from the improper use of information obtained pursuant to the requirements of section
503
(i) of this title from the State agency charged with the administration of the State unemployment compensation law, pursuant to section 3(d)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)] from the applicant or participant, or pursuant to section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix) of title
26 from the Commissioner of Social Security or the Secretary of the Treasury, officers and employees of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and (in the case of information obtained pursuant to such section
503
(i) or
3
(d)(1) [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)]) representatives of public housing agencies may only use such information—
(ii)
in the case of an owner or public housing agency responsible for determining eligibility for or level of benefits, to inform such owner or public housing agency that an applicant’s or participant’s eligibility for or level of benefits is uncertain and to request such owner or public housing agency to verify such applicant’s or participant’s income information.
(B)
No Federal, State, or local agency, or public housing agency, or owner responsible for determining eligibility for or level of benefits receiving such information may terminate, deny, suspend, or reduce any benefits of an applicant or participant until such agency or owner has taken appropriate steps to independently verify information relating to—
(C)
Such applicant or participant shall be informed by the agency or owner of the findings made by the agency or owner on the basis of such verified information, and shall be given an opportunity to contest such findings, in the same manner as applies to other information and findings relating to eligibility factors under the program.
(3)
Penalty
(A)
Any person who knowingly and willfully requests or obtains any information concerning an applicant or participant pursuant to the authority contained in section
503
(i) of this title, section 3(d)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)], or section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix) of title
26 without consent or agreement, as applicable, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section or under false pretenses, or any person who knowingly and willfully discloses any such information in any manner to any individual not entitled under any law to receive it, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than $5,000. The term “person” as used in this paragraph shall include an officer or employee of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, an officer or employee of any public housing agency, and any owner responsible for determining eligibility for or level of benefits (or employee thereof).
(B)
Any applicant or participant affected by
(i)
a negligent or knowing disclosure of information referred to in this section, section
503
(i) of this title, section 3(d)(1) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)], or section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix) of title
26 about such person by an officer or employee of any public housing agency or owner (or employee thereof), which disclosure is not authorized by this section, such section
503
(i), such section
3
(d)(1) [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)], such section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix), or any regulation implementing this section, such section
503
(i), such section
3
(d)(1) [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)], or such section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix), or for which consent, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, has not been granted, or
(ii)
any other negligent or knowing action that is inconsistent with this section, such section
503
(i), such section
3
(d)(1) [42 U.S.C. 1437a
(d)(1)], such section
6103
(l)(7)(D)(ix), or any such implementing regulation may bring a civil action for damages and such other relief as may be appropriate against any officer or employee of any public housing agency or owner (or employee thereof) responsible for any such unauthorized action. The district court of the United States in the district in which the affected applicant or participant resides, in which such unauthorized action occurred, or in which the applicant or participant alleged to be responsible for any such unauthorized action resides, shall have jurisdiction in such matters. Appropriate relief that may be ordered by such district courts shall include reasonable attorney’s fees and other litigation costs.
(d)
Effective date
(1)
In general
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the provisions of this section shall take effect on September 30, 1989.
(2)
Optional early implementation
At the initiative of a State or an agency of the State, and with the approval of the Secretary of Labor, the amendments made by subsection (c)(1) may be made effective in such State on any date before September 30, 1989, which is more than 90 days after November 7, 1988.
(3)
Requirements for State agencies
In the case of any State the legislature of which has not been in session for at least 30 calendar days (whether or not consecutive) between November 7, 1988, and September 30, 1989, the amendments made by subsection (c)(1) shall take effect 30 calendar days after the first day on which such legislature is in session on or after September 30, 1989.
(e)
Conditions of release of information by third parties
An applicant or participant under any program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development may not be required or requested to consent to the release of information by third parties as a condition of initial or continuing eligibility for participation in the program unless—
[1] See References in Text note below.
[2] So in original. The comma probably should be “and”.