§ 1321. Coverage
(a)
Plans covered
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this subchapter applies to any plan (including a successor plan) which, for a plan year—
(1)
is an employee pension benefit plan (as defined in paragraph (2) of section
1002 of this title) established or maintained—
(2)
is, or has been determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be, a plan described in section
401
(a) of title
26, or which meets, or has been determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to meet, the requirements of section
404
(a)(2) of title
26.
For purposes of this subchapter, a successor plan is considered to be a continuation of a predecessor plan. For this purpose, unless otherwise specifically indicated in this subchapter, a successor plan is a plan which covers a group of employees which includes substantially the same employees as a previously established plan, and provides substantially the same benefits as that plan provided.
(b)
Plans not covered
This section does not apply to any plan—
(1)
which is an individual account plan, as defined in paragraph (34) of section
1002 of this title,[1]
(2)
established and maintained for its employees by the Government of the United States, by the government of any State or political subdivision thereof, or by any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing, or to which the Railroad Retirement Act of 1935 or 1937 [45 U.S.C. 231 et seq.] applies and which is financed by contributions required under that Act, or which is described in the last sentence of section
1002
(32) of this title [2]
(3)
which is a church plan as defined in section
414
(e) of title
26, unless that plan has made an election under section
410
(d) of title
26, and has notified the corporation in accordance with procedures prescribed by the corporation, that it wishes to have the provisions of this part apply to it,[1]
(4)
(6)
which is unfunded and which is maintained by an employer primarily for the purpose of providing deferred compensation for a select group of management or highly compensated employees;
(7)
which is established and maintained outside of the United States primarily for the benefit of individuals substantially all of whom are nonresident aliens;
(8)
which is maintained by an employer solely for the purpose of providing benefits for certain employees in excess of the limitations on contributions and benefits imposed by section
415 of title
26 on plans to which that section applies, without regard to whether the plan is funded, and, to the extent that a separable part of a plan (as determined by the corporation) maintained by an employer is maintained for such purpose, that part shall be treated for purposes of this subchapter, as a separate plan which is an excess benefit plan;
(10)
of an international organization which is exempt from taxation under the International Organizations Immunities Act [22 U.S.C. 288 et seq.];
(11)
maintained solely for the purpose of complying with applicable workmen’s compensation laws or unemployment compensation or disability insurance laws;
(12)
which is a defined benefit plan, to the extent that it is treated as an individual account plan under paragraph (35)(B) of section
1002 of this title; or
(c)
Definitions
(1)
For purposes of subsection (b)(1) of this section, the term “individual account plan” does not include a plan under which a fixed benefit is promised if the employer or his representative participated in the determination of that benefit.
(2)
For purposes of this paragraph and for purposes of subsection (b)(13) of this section—
(A)
the term “professional service employer” means any proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or other association or organization
(i)
owned or controlled by professional individuals or by executors or administrators of professional individuals,
(B)
the term “professional individuals” includes but is not limited to, physicians, dentists, chiropractors, osteopaths, optometrists, other licensed practitioners of the healing arts, attorneys at law, public accountants, public engineers, architects, draftsmen, actuaries, psychologists, social or physical scientists, and performing artists.
(d)
Substantial owner defined
For purposes of subsection (b)(9), the term “substantial owner” means an individual who, at any time during the 60-month period ending on the date the determination is being made—
(2)
in the case of a partnership, is a partner who owns, directly or indirectly, more than 10 percent of either the capital interest or the profits interest in such partnership, or
[1] So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.
[2] So in original. A semicolon probably should appear.