§ 7801. Definitions
Except as otherwise provided, in this chapter:
(1)
Average daily attendance
(A)
In general
Except as provided otherwise by State law or this paragraph, the term “average daily attendance” means—
(B)
Conversion
The Secretary shall permit the conversion of average daily membership (or other similar data) to average daily attendance for local educational agencies in States that provide State aid to local educational agencies on the basis of average daily membership (or other similar data).
(C)
Special rule
If the local educational agency in which a child resides makes a tuition or other payment for the free public education of the child in a school located in another school district, the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter—
(D)
Children with disabilities
If a local educational agency makes a tuition payment to a private school or to a public school of another local educational agency for a child with a disability, as defined in section
1401 of this title, the Secretary shall, for the purpose of this chapter, consider the child to be in attendance at a school of the agency making the payment.
(2)
Average per-pupil expenditure
The term “average per-pupil expenditure” means, in the case of a State or of the United States—
(A)
without regard to the source of funds—
(i)
the aggregate current expenditures, during the third fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made (or, if satisfactory data for that year are not available, during the most recent preceding fiscal year for which satisfactory data are available) of all local educational agencies in the State or, in the case of the United States, for all States (which, for the purpose of this paragraph, means the 50 States and the District of Columbia); plus
(3)
Beginning teacher
The term “beginning teacher” means a teacher in a public school who has been teaching less than a total of three complete school years.
(4)
Child
The term “child” means any person within the age limits for which the State provides free public education.
(5)
Child with a disability
The term “child with a disability” has the same meaning given that term in section
1401 of this title.
(6)
Community-based organization
The term “community-based organization” means a public or private nonprofit organization of demonstrated effectiveness that—
(7)
Consolidated local application
The term “consolidated local application” means an application submitted by a local educational agency pursuant to section
7845 of this title.
(8)
Consolidated local plan
The term “consolidated local plan” means a plan submitted by a local educational agency pursuant to section
7845 of this title.
(9)
Consolidated State application
The term “consolidated State application” means an application submitted by a State educational agency pursuant to section
7842 of this title.
(10)
Consolidated State plan
The term “consolidated State plan” means a plan submitted by a State educational agency pursuant to section
7842 of this title.
(11)
Core academic subjects
The term “core academic subjects” means English, reading or language arts, mathematics, science, foreign languages, civics and government, economics, arts, history, and geography.
(12)
County
The term “county” means one of the divisions of a State used by the Secretary of Commerce in compiling and reporting data regarding counties.
(14)
Current expenditures
The term “current expenditures” means expenditures for free public education—
(16)
Distance learning
The term “distance learning” means the transmission of educational or instructional programming to geographically dispersed individuals and groups via telecommunications.
(17)
Educational service agency
The term “educational service agency” means a regional public multiservice agency authorized by State statute to develop, manage, and provide services or programs to local educational agencies.
(18)
Elementary school
The term “elementary school” means a nonprofit institutional day or residential school, including a public elementary charter school, that provides elementary education, as determined under State law.
(19)
Exemplary teacher
The term “exemplary teacher” means a teacher who—
(B)
has been teaching for at least 5 years in a public or private school or institution of higher education;
(20)
Family literacy services
The term “family literacy services” means services provided to participants on a voluntary basis that are of sufficient intensity in terms of hours, and of sufficient duration, to make sustainable changes in a family, and that integrate all of the following activities:
(22)
Gifted and talented
The term “gifted and talented”, when used with respect to students, children, or youth, means students, children, or youth who give evidence of high achievement capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, or leadership capacity, or in specific academic fields, and who need services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school in order to fully develop those capabilities.
(23)
Highly qualified
The term “highly qualified”—
(A)
when used with respect to any public elementary school or secondary school teacher teaching in a State, means that—
(i)
the teacher has obtained full State certification as a teacher (including certification obtained through alternative routes to certification) or passed the State teacher licensing examination, and holds a license to teach in such State, except that when used with respect to any teacher teaching in a public charter school, the term means that the teacher meets the requirements set forth in the State’s public charter school law; and
(B)
when used with respect to—
(i)
an elementary school teacher who is new to the profession, means that the teacher—
(II)
has demonstrated, by passing a rigorous State test, subject knowledge and teaching skills in reading, writing, mathematics, and other areas of the basic elementary school curriculum (which may consist of passing a State-required certification or licensing test or tests in reading, writing, mathematics, and other areas of the basic elementary school curriculum); or
(ii)
a middle or secondary school teacher who is new to the profession, means that the teacher holds at least a bachelor’s degree and has demonstrated a high level of competency in each of the academic subjects in which the teacher teaches by—
(C)
when used with respect to an elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher who is not new to the profession, means that the teacher holds at least a bachelor’s degree and—
(i)
has met the applicable standard in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (B), which includes an option for a test; or
(ii)
demonstrates competence in all the academic subjects in which the teacher teaches based on a high objective uniform State standard of evaluation that—
(I)
is set by the State for both grade appropriate academic subject matter knowledge and teaching skills;
(II)
is aligned with challenging State academic content and student academic achievement standards and developed in consultation with core content specialists, teachers, principals, and school administrators;
(III)
provides objective, coherent information about the teacher’s attainment of core content knowledge in the academic subjects in which a teacher teaches;
(IV)
is applied uniformly to all teachers in the same academic subject and the same grade level throughout the State;
(25)
Limited English proficient
The term “limited English proficient”, when used with respect to an individual, means an individual—
(C)
(i)
who was not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English;
(D)
whose difficulties in speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language may be sufficient to deny the individual—
(i)
the ability to meet the State’s proficient level of achievement on State assessments described in section
6311
(b)(3) of this title;
(26)
Local educational agency
(A)
In general
The term “local educational agency” means a public board of education or other public authority legally constituted within a State for either administrative control or direction of, or to perform a service function for, public elementary schools or secondary schools in a city, county, township, school district, or other political subdivision of a State, or of or for a combination of school districts or counties that is recognized in a State as an administrative agency for its public elementary schools or secondary schools.
(B)
Administrative control and direction
The term includes any other public institution or agency having administrative control and direction of a public elementary school or secondary school.
(C)
BIA schools
The term includes an elementary school or secondary school funded by the Bureau of Indian Affairs but only to the extent that including the school makes the school eligible for programs for which specific eligibility is not provided to the school in another provision of law and the school does not have a student population that is smaller than the student population of the local educational agency receiving assistance under this chapter with the smallest student population, except that the school shall not be subject to the jurisdiction of any State educational agency other than the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
(27)
Mentoring
The term “mentoring”, except when used to refer to teacher mentoring, means a process by which a responsible adult, postsecondary student, or secondary school student works with a child to provide a positive role model for the child, to establish a supportive relationship with the child, and to provide the child with academic assistance and exposure to new experiences and examples of opportunity that enhance the ability of the child to become a responsible adult.
(29)
Other staff
The term “other staff” means pupil services personnel, librarians, career guidance and counseling personnel, education aides, and other instructional and administrative personnel.
(30)
Outlying area
The term “outlying area” means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and for the purpose of section
6331
(b) of this title and any other discretionary grant program under this chapter, includes the freely associated states of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau until an agreement for the extension of United States education assistance under the Compact of Free Association for each of the freely associated states becomes effective after January 8, 2002.
(31)
Parent
The term “parent” includes a legal guardian or other person standing in loco parentis (such as a grandparent or stepparent with whom the child lives, or a person who is legally responsible for the child’s welfare).
(32)
Parental involvement
The term “parental involvement” means the participation of parents in regular, two-way, and meaningful communication involving student academic learning and other school activities, including ensuring—
(34)
Professional development
The term “professional development”—
(A)
includes activities that—
(i)
improve and increase teachers’ knowledge of the academic subjects the teachers teach, and enable teachers to become highly qualified;
(iii)
give teachers, principals, and administrators the knowledge and skills to provide students with the opportunity to meet challenging State academic content standards and student academic achievement standards;
(v)
(vi)
support the recruiting, hiring, and training of highly qualified teachers, including teachers who became highly qualified through State and local alternative routes to certification;
(vii)
advance teacher understanding of effective instructional strategies that are—
(ix)
are developed with extensive participation of teachers, principals, parents, and administrators of schools to be served under this chapter;
(x)
are designed to give teachers of limited English proficient children, and other teachers and instructional staff, the knowledge and skills to provide instruction and appropriate language and academic support services to those children, including the appropriate use of curricula and assessments;
(xi)
to the extent appropriate, provide training for teachers and principals in the use of technology so that technology and technology applications are effectively used in the classroom to improve teaching and learning in the curricula and core academic subjects in which the teachers teach;
(xii)
as a whole, are regularly evaluated for their impact on increased teacher effectiveness and improved student academic achievement, with the findings of the evaluations used to improve the quality of professional development;
(B)
may include activities that—
(i)
involve the forming of partnerships with institutions of higher education to establish school-based teacher training programs that provide prospective teachers and beginning teachers with an opportunity to work under the guidance of experienced teachers and college faculty;
(36)
Pupil services personnel; pupil services
(A)
Pupil services personnel
The term “pupil services personnel” means school counselors, school social workers, school psychologists, and other qualified professional personnel involved in providing assessment, diagnosis, counseling, educational, therapeutic, and other necessary services (including related services as that term is defined in section
1401 of this title) as part of a comprehensive program to meet student needs.
(37)
Scientifically based research
The term “scientifically based research”—
(A)
means research that involves the application of rigorous, systematic, and objective procedures to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs; and
(B)
includes research that—
(ii)
involves rigorous data analyses that are adequate to test the stated hypotheses and justify the general conclusions drawn;
(iii)
relies on measurements or observational methods that provide reliable and valid data across evaluators and observers, across multiple measurements and observations, and across studies by the same or different investigators;
(iv)
is evaluated using experimental or quasi-experimental designs in which individuals, entities, programs, or activities are assigned to different conditions and with appropriate controls to evaluate the effects of the condition of interest, with a preference for random-assignment experiments, or other designs to the extent that those designs contain within-condition or across-condition controls;
(38)
Secondary school
The term “secondary school” means a nonprofit institutional day or residential school, including a public secondary charter school, that provides secondary education, as determined under State law, except that the term does not include any education beyond grade 12.
(39)
Secretary
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Education.
The term “State” means each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and each of the outlying areas.
(41)
State educational agency
The term “State educational agency” means the agency primarily responsible for the State supervision of public elementary schools and secondary schools.
(42)
Teacher mentoring
The term “teacher mentoring” means activities that—
(A)
consist of structured guidance and regular and ongoing support for teachers, especially beginning teachers, that—
(i)
are designed to help the teachers continue to improve their practice of teaching and to develop their instructional skills; and
part [4] of an ongoing developmental induction process—
[1] See References in Text note below.
[2] So in original. Probably should be section “6623(a)(3)(B)”.
[3] So in original. Probably should be preceded by paragraph designation “(40)”.
[4] So in original. Probably should be preceded by “(ii) as”.