§ 2318. Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or counterfeit documentation or packaging
(a)
(1)
[1] Whoever, in any of the circumstances described in subsection (c), knowingly traffics in—
(A)
a counterfeit label or illicit label affixed to, enclosing, or accompanying, or designed to be affixed to, enclose, or accompany—
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
(b)
As used in this section—
(1)
the term “counterfeit label” means an identifying label or container that appears to be genuine, but is not;
(3)
the terms “copy”, “phonorecord”, “motion picture”, “computer program”, “audiovisual work”, “literary work”, “pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work”, “sound recording”, “work of visual art”, and “copyright owner” have, respectively, the meanings given those terms in section
101 (relating to definitions) of title 17;
(4)
the term “illicit label” means a genuine certificate, licensing document, registration card, or similar labeling component—
(A)
that is used by the copyright owner to verify that a phonorecord, a copy of a computer program, a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, a copy of a literary work, a copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, a work of visual art, or documentation or packaging is not counterfeit or infringing of any copyright; and
(B)
that is, without the authorization of the copyright owner—
(i)
distributed or intended for distribution not in connection with the copy, phonorecord, or work of visual art to which such labeling component was intended to be affixed by the respective copyright owner; or
(ii)
in connection with a genuine certificate or licensing document, knowingly falsified in order to designate a higher number of licensed users or copies than authorized by the copyright owner, unless that certificate or document is used by the copyright owner solely for the purpose of monitoring or tracking the copyright owner’s distribution channel and not for the purpose of verifying that a copy or phonorecord is noninfringing;
(c)
The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) of this section are—
(1)
the offense is committed within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States; or within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States (as defined in section
46501 of title
49);
(2)
the mail or a facility of interstate or foreign commerce is used or intended to be used in the commission of the offense;
(d)
Forfeiture and Destruction of Property; Restitution.—
Forfeiture, destruction, and restitution relating to this section shall be subject to section
2323, to the extent provided in that section, in addition to any other similar remedies provided by law.
(e)
Civil Remedies.—
(1)
In general.—
Any copyright owner who is injured, or is threatened with injury, by a violation of subsection (a) may bring a civil action in an appropriate United States district court.
(2)
Discretion of court.—
In any action brought under paragraph (1), the court—
(A)
may grant 1 or more temporary or permanent injunctions on such terms as the court determines to be reasonable to prevent or restrain a violation of subsection (a);
(B)
at any time while the action is pending, may order the impounding, on such terms as the court determines to be reasonable, of any article that is in the custody or control of the alleged violator and that the court has reasonable cause to believe was involved in a violation of subsection (a); and
(3)
Actual damages and profits.—
(A)
In general.—
The injured party is entitled to recover—
(B)
Calculation of damages.—
The court shall calculate actual damages by multiplying—
(C)
Definition.—
For purposes of this paragraph, the “value” of a phonorecord, copy, or work of visual art is—
(i)
in the case of a copyrighted sound recording or copyrighted musical work, the retail value of an authorized phonorecord of that sound recording or musical work;
(ii)
in the case of a copyrighted computer program, the retail value of an authorized copy of that computer program;
(iii)
in the case of a copyrighted motion picture or other audiovisual work, the retail value of an authorized copy of that motion picture or audiovisual work;
(iv)
in the case of a copyrighted literary work, the retail value of an authorized copy of that literary work;
(4)
Statutory damages.—
The injured party may elect, at any time before final judgment is rendered, to recover, instead of actual damages and profits, an award of statutory damages for each violation of subsection (a) in a sum of not less than $2,500 or more than $25,000, as the court considers appropriate.
(5)
Subsequent violation.—
The court may increase an award of damages under this subsection by 3 times the amount that would otherwise be awarded, as the court considers appropriate, if the court finds that a person has subsequently violated subsection (a) within 3 years after a final judgment was entered against that person for a violation of that subsection.
(6)
Limitation on actions.—
A civil action may not be commenced under section [2] unless it is commenced within 3 years after the date on which the claimant discovers the violation of subsection (a).
[1] So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted.
[2] So in original. Probably should be “this subsection”.