§ 1787. Payment of insurance
(a)
Liquidation by Board; bond; appointment of agent; fees to be fixed by Board
(1)
(A)
Upon its finding that a Federal credit union insured under this subchapter is bankrupt or insolvent, the Board shall close such credit union for liquidation and appoint itself liquidating agent therefor.
(B)
Not later than 10 days after the date on which the Board closes a credit union for liquidation pursuant to paragraph (1), or accepts appointment as liquidating agent pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, such insured credit union may apply to the United States district court for the judicial district in which the principal office of such insured credit union is located or the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, for an order requiring the Board to show cause why it should not be prohibited from continuing such liquidation. Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, no court may take any action for or toward the removal of any liquidating agent or, except at the instance of the Board, restrain or affect the exercise of powers or functions of a liquidating agent.
(2)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Board as liquidating agent of a closed Federal credit union insured under this subchapter shall not be required to furnish bond and shall have the right to appoint an agent or agents to assist it in its duties as such liquidating agent. All fees, compensation, and expenses of liquidation and administration thereof shall be fixed by the Board and may be paid by them out of funds coming into its possession as such liquidating agent.
(3)
Liquidation to facilitate prompt corrective action.—
The Board may close any credit union for liquidation, and appoint itself or another (including, in the case of a State-chartered insured credit union, the State official having jurisdiction over the credit union) as liquidating agent of that credit union, if—
(A)
the Board determines that—
(i)
the credit union is significantly undercapitalized, as defined in section
1790d of this title, and has no reasonable prospect of becoming adequately capitalized, as defined in section
1790d of this title; or
(ii)
the credit union is critically undercapitalized, as defined in section
1790d of this title; and
(b)
Powers and duties of Board as conservator or liquidating agent
(1)
Rulemaking authority of Board
The Board may prescribe such regulations as the Board determines to be appropriate regarding the conduct of the Board as conservator or liquidating agent.
(2)
General powers
(A)
Successor to credit union
The Board shall, as conservator or liquidating agent, and by operation of law, succeed to—
(B)
Operate the credit union
The Board may, as conservator or liquidating agent—
(i)
take over the assets of and operate the credit union with all the powers of the members or shareholders, the directors, and the officers of the credit union and shall be authorized to conduct all business of the credit union;
(C)
Functions of credit union’s officers, directors, and shareholders
The Board may, by regulation or order, provide for the exercise of any function by any member or stockholder, director, or officer of any credit union for which the Board has been appointed conservator or liquidating agent.
(E)
Additional powers as liquidating agent
The Board may, as liquidating agent, place the credit union in liquidation and proceed to realize upon the assets of the credit union, having due regard to the conditions of credit in the locality.
(F)
Payment of valid obligations
The Board, as conservator or liquidating agent, shall pay all valid obligations of the credit union in accordance with the prescriptions and limitations of this chapter.
(G)
Attachment of assets and injunctive relief
Subject to subparagraph (H), any court of competent jurisdiction may, at the request of the Board (in the Board’s capacity as conservator or liquidating agent for any insured credit union or in the Board’s corporate capacity in the exercise of any authority under this section), issue an order in accordance with Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including an order placing the assets of any person designated by the Board under the control of the court and appointing a trustee to hold such assets.
(H)
Standards
(i)
Showing
Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply with respect to any proceeding under subparagraph (G) without regard to the requirement of such rule that the applicant show that the injury, loss, or damage is irreparable and immediate.
(ii)
State proceeding
If, in the case of any proceeding in a State court, the court determines that rules of civil procedure available under the laws of such State provide substantially similar protections to such party’s right to due process as Rule
65 (as modified with respect to such proceeding by clause (i)), the relief sought by the Board pursuant to subparagraph (G) may be requested under the laws of such State.
(I)
Subpoena authority
(i)
In general
The Board may, as conservator or liquidating agent and for purposes of carrying out any power, authority, or duty with respect to an insured credit union (including determining any claim against the credit union and determining and realizing upon any asset of any person in the course of collecting money due the credit union), exercise any power established under section
1786
(p) of this title, and the provisions of such section shall apply with respect to the exercise of any such power under this subparagraph in the same manner as such provisions apply under such section.
(J)
Incidental powers
The Board may, as conservator or liquidating agent—
(i)
exercise all powers and authorities specifically granted to conservators or liquidating agents, respectively, under this chapter and such incidental powers as shall be necessary to carry out such powers; and
which the Board determines is in the best interests of the credit union, its account holders, or the Board.
(K)
Exemption from criminal prosecution
The Administration shall be exempt from all prosecution by the United States or any State, county, municipality, or local authority for any criminal offense arising under Federal, State, county, municipal, or local law, which was allegedly committed by a credit union, or persons acting on behalf of a credit union, prior to the appointment of the Administration as liquidating agent.
(3)
Authority of liquidating agent to determine claims
(A)
In general
The Board may, as liquidating agent, determine claims in accordance with the requirements of this subsection and regulations prescribed under paragraph (4).
(B)
Notice requirements
The liquidating agent, in any case involving the liquidation or winding up of the affairs of a closed credit union, shall—
(4)
Rulemaking authority relating to determination of claims
The Board may prescribe regulations regarding the allowance or disallowance of claims by the liquidating agent and providing for administrative determination of claims and review of such determination.
(5)
Procedures for determination of claims
(A)
Determination period
(i)
In general
Before the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date any claim against a credit union is filed with the Board as liquidating agent, the Board shall determine whether to allow or disallow the claim and shall notify the claimant of any determination with respect to such claim.
(ii)
Extension of time
The period described in clause (i) may be extended by a written agreement between the claimant and the Board.
(iii)
Mailing of notice sufficient
The requirements of clause (i) shall be deemed to be satisfied if the notice of any determination with respect to any claim is mailed to the last address of the claimant which appears—
(B)
Allowance of proven claims
The liquidating agent shall allow any claim received on or before the date specified in the notice published under paragraph (3)(B)(i) by the liquidating agent from any claimant which is proved to the satisfaction of the liquidating agent.
(C)
Disallowance of claims filed after end of filing period
(i)
In general
Except as provided in clause (ii), claims filed after the date specified in the notice published under paragraph (3)(B)(i) shall be disallowed and such disallowance shall be final.
(ii)
Certain exceptions
Clause (i) shall not apply with respect to any claim filed by any claimant after the date specified in the notice published under paragraph (3)(B)(i) and such claim may be considered by the liquidating agent if—
(D)
Authority to disallow claims
The liquidating agent may disallow any portion of any claim by a creditor or claim of security, preference, or priority which is not proved to the satisfaction of the liquidating agent.
(E)
No judicial review of determination pursuant to subparagraph (D)
No court may review the Board’s determination pursuant to subparagraph (D) to disallow a claim.
(6)
Provision for agency review or judicial determination of claims
(A)
In general
Before the end of the 60-day period beginning on the earlier of—
(i)
the end of the period described in paragraph (5)(A)(i) with respect to any claim against a credit union for which the Board is liquidating agent; or
the claimant may request administrative review of the claim in accordance with subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (7) or file suit on such claim (or continue an action commenced before the appointment of the liquidating agent) in the district or territorial court of the United States for the district within which the credit union’s principal place of business is located or the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (and such court shall have jurisdiction to hear such claim).
(B)
Statute of limitations
If any claimant fails to—
(i)
request administrative review of any claim in accordance with subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (7); or
(ii)
file suit on such claim (or continue an action commenced before the appointment of the liquidating agent),
before the end of the 60-day period described in subparagraph (A), the claim shall be deemed to be disallowed (other than any portion of such claim which was allowed by the liquidating agent) as of the end of such period, such disallowance shall be final, and the claimant shall have no further rights or remedies with respect to such claim.
(7)
Review of claims
(A)
Administrative hearing
If any claimant requests review under this subparagraph in lieu of filing or continuing any action under paragraph (6) and the Board agrees to such request, the Board shall consider the claim after opportunity for a hearing on the record. The final determination of the Board with respect to such claim shall be subject to judicial review under chapter
7 of title
5.
(B)
Other review procedures
(i)
In general
The Board shall also establish such alternative dispute resolution processes as may be appropriate for the resolution of claims filed under paragraph (5)(A)(i).
(ii)
Criteria
In establishing alternative dispute resolution processes, the Board shall strive for procedures which are expeditious, fair, independent, and low cost.
(8)
Expedited determination of claims
(A)
Establishment required
The Board shall establish a procedure for expedited relief outside of the routine claims process established under paragraph (5) for claimants who—
(B)
Determination period
Before the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date any claim is filed in accordance with the procedures established pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Board shall—
(C)
Period for filing or renewing suit
Any claimant who files a request for expedited relief shall be permitted to file a suit, or to continue a suit filed before the appointment of the liquidating agent, seeking a determination of the claimant’s rights with respect to such security interest after the earlier of—
(D)
Statute of limitations
If an action described in subparagraph (C) is not filed, or the motion to renew a previously filed suit is not made, before the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which such action or motion may be filed in accordance with subparagraph (B), the claim shall be deemed to be disallowed as of the end of such period (other than any portion of such claim which was allowed by the liquidating agent), such disallowance shall be final, and the claimant shall have no further rights or remedies with respect to such claim.
(9)
Agreement as basis of claim
(B)
Exception to contemporaneous execution requirement
Notwithstanding section
1788
(a)(3) of this title, any agreement between a Federal home loan bank or Federal Reserve bank and any insured credit union which was executed before the extension of credit by such bank to such credit union shall be treated as having been executed contemporaneously with such extension of credit for purposes of subparagraph (A).
(10)
Payment of claims
(A)
In general
The liquidating agent may, in the liquidating agent’s discretion and to the extent funds are available, pay creditor claims which are allowed by the liquidating agent, approved by the Board pursuant to a final determination pursuant to paragraph (7) or (8), or determined by the final judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction in such manner and amounts as are authorized under this chapter.
(B)
Payment of dividends on claims
The liquidating agent may, in the liquidating agent’s sole discretion, pay dividends on proved claims at any time, and no liability shall attach to the Board (in such Board’s corporate capacity or as liquidating agent), by reason of any such payment, for failure to pay dividends to a claimant whose claim is not proved at the time of any such payment.
(11)
Distribution of assets
(A)
Subrogated claims; claims of uninsured accountholders and other creditors
The liquidating agent shall—
(B)
Distribution to shareholders of amounts remaining after payment of all other claims and expenses
In any case in which funds remain after all accountholders, creditors, other claimants, and administrative expenses are paid, the liquidating agent shall distribute such funds to the credit union’s shareholders or members together with the accounting report required under paragraph (14)(C).
(12)
Suspension of legal actions
(13)
Additional rights and duties
(A)
Prior final adjudication
The Board shall abide by any final unappealable judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction which was rendered before the appointment of the Board as conservator or liquidating agent.
(B)
Rights and remedies of conservator or liquidating agent
In the event of any appealable judgment, the Board as conservator or liquidating agent shall—
(C)
No attachment or execution
No attachment or execution may issue by any court upon assets in the possession of the liquidating agent.
(D)
Limitation on judicial review
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no court shall have jurisdiction over—
(14)
Statute of limitations for actions brought by conservator or liquidating agent
(A)
In general
Notwithstanding any provision of any contract, the applicable statute of limitations with regard to any action brought by the Board as conservator or liquidating agent shall be—
(15)
Accounting and recordkeeping requirements
(A)
In general
The Board as conservator or liquidating agent shall, consistent with the accounting and reporting practices and procedures established by the Board, maintain a full accounting of each conservatorship and liquidation or other disposition of credit unions in default.
(B)
Annual accounting or report
With respect to each conservatorship or liquidation to which the Board was appointed, the Board shall make an annual accounting or report, as appropriate, available to the Comptroller General of the United States or, in the case of a State-chartered credit union, the authority which appointed the Board as conservator or liquidating agent.
(C)
Availability of reports
Any report prepared pursuant to subparagraph (B) shall be made available by the Board upon request to any shareholder of the credit union for which the Board was appointed conservator or liquidating agent or any other member of the public.
(D)
Recordkeeping requirement
(i)
In general
Except as provided in clause (ii), after the end of the 6-year period beginning on the date the Board is appointed as liquidating agent of an insured credit union, the Board may destroy any records of such credit union which the Board, in the Board’s discretion, determines to be unnecessary unless directed not to do so by a court of competent jurisdiction or governmental agency, or prohibited by law.
(ii)
Old records
Notwithstanding clause (i) the Board may destroy records of an insured credit union which are at least 10 years old as of the date on which the Board is appointed as liquidating agent of such credit union in accordance with clause (i) at any time after such appointment is final, without regard to the 6-year period of limitation contained in clause (i).
(16)
Fraudulent transfers
(A)
In general
The Board, as conservator or liquidating agent for any insured credit union, may avoid a transfer of any interest of an institution-affiliated party, or any person who the Board determines is a debtor of the institution, in property, or any obligation incurred by such party or person, that was made within 5 years of the date on which the Board becomes conservator or liquidating agent if such party or person voluntarily or involuntarily made such transfer or incurred such liability with the intent to hinder, delay, or defraud the insured credit union or the Board.
(B)
Right of recovery
To the extent a transfer is avoided under subparagraph (A), the Board may recover, for the benefit of the insured credit union, the property transferred, or, if a court so orders, the value of such property (at the time of such transfer) from—
(c)
Provisions relating to contracts entered into before appointment of conservator or liquidating agent
(1)
Authority to repudiate contracts
In addition to any other rights a conservator or liquidating agent may have, the conservator or liquidating agent for any insured credit union may disaffirm or repudiate any contract or lease—
(2)
Timing of repudiation
The conservator or liquidating agent appointed for any insured credit union shall determine whether or not to exercise the rights of repudiation under this subsection within a reasonable period following such appointment.
(3)
Claims for damages for repudiation
(A)
In general
Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) and paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), the liability of the conservator or liquidating agent for the disaffirmance or repudiation of any contract pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be—
(B)
No liability for other damages
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “actual direct compensatory damages” does not include—
(C)
Measure of damages for repudiation of financial contracts
In the case of any qualified financial contract or agreement to which paragraph (8) applies, compensatory damages shall be—
(4)
Leases under which the credit union is the lessee
(A)
In general
If the conservator or liquidating agent disaffirms or repudiates a lease under which the credit union was the lessee, the conservator or liquidating agent shall not be liable for any damages (other than damages determined pursuant to subparagraph (B)) for the disaffirmance or repudiation of such lease.
(B)
Payments of rent
Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the lessor under a lease to which such subparagraph applies shall—
(i)
be entitled to the contractual rent accruing before the later of the date—
unless the lessor is in default or breach of the terms of the lease;
(5)
Leases under which the credit union is the lessor
(A)
In general
If the conservator or liquidating agent repudiates an unexpired written lease of real property of the credit union under which the credit union is the lessor and the lessee is not, as of the date of such repudiation, in default, the lessee under such lease may either—
(B)
Provisions applicable to lessee remaining in possession
If any lessee under a lease described in subparagraph (A) remains in possession of a leasehold interest pursuant to clause (ii) of such subparagraph—
(6)
Contracts for the sale of real property
(A)
In general
If the conservator or liquidating agent repudiates any contract (which meets the requirements of each paragraph of section
1788
(a)(3) of this title) for the sale of real property and the purchaser of such real property under such contract is in possession and is not, as of the date of such repudiation, in default, such purchaser may either—
(B)
Provisions applicable to purchaser remaining in possession
If any purchaser of real property under any contract described in subparagraph (A) remains in possession of such property pursuant to clause (ii) of such subparagraph—
(i)
the purchaser—
(C)
Assignment and sale allowed
(i)
In general
No provision of this paragraph shall be construed as limiting the right of the conservator or liquidating agent to assign the contract described in subparagraph (A) and sell the property subject to the contract and the provisions of this paragraph.
(ii)
No liability after assignment and sale
If an assignment and sale described in clause (i) is consummated, the conservator or liquidating agent shall have no further liability under the contract described in subparagraph (A) or with respect to the real property which was the subject of such contract.
(7)
Provisions applicable to service contracts
(A)
Services performed before appointment
In the case of any contract for services between any person and any insured credit union for which the Board has been appointed conservator or liquidating agent, any claim of such person for services performed before the appointment of the conservator or the liquidating agent shall be—
(B)
Services performed after appointment and prior to repudiation
If, in the case of any contract for services described in subparagraph (A), the conservator or liquidating agent accepts performance by the other person before the conservator or liquidating agent makes any determination to exercise the right of repudiation of such contract under this section—
(C)
Acceptance of performance no bar to subsequent repudiation
The acceptance by any conservator or liquidating agent of services referred to in subparagraph (B) in connection with a contract described in such subparagraph shall not affect the right of the conservator or liquidating agent to repudiate such contract under this section at any time after such performance.
(8)
Certain qualified financial contracts
(A)
Rights of parties to contracts
Subject to paragraphs (9) and (10) of this subsection and notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (other than subsection (b)(9) of this section and section
1788
(a)(3) of this title), any other Federal law, or the law of any State, no person shall be stayed or prohibited from exercising—