§16-5C-15 Unlawful acts; penalties; injunctions; private right of action.
§16-5C-15. Unlawful acts; penalties; injunctions; private right of action.
(a) Whoever advertises, announces, establishes or maintains, or is engaged in establishing or maintaining a nursing home without a license granted under section six of this article, or who prevents, interferes with or impedes in any way the lawful enforcement of this article shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for the first offense by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county or regional jail for a period of not more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. For each subsequent offense, the fine may be increased to not more than two hundred fifty dollars, with imprisonment in the county or regional jail for a period of not more than ninety days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court. Each day of a continuing violation after conviction shall be considered a separate offense.
(b) The director may in his or her discretion bring an action to enforce compliance with this article or any rule or order hereunder whenever it shall appear to the director that any person has engaged in, or is engaging in, an act or practice in violation of this article or any rule or order hereunder, or whenever it shall appear to the director that any person has aided, abetted or caused, or is aiding, abetting or causing such an act or practice. Upon application by the director, the circuit court of the countyin which the conduct has occurred or is occurring, or if emergency circumstances occur, the circuit court of Kanawha County, shall have jurisdiction to grant without bond a permanent or temporary injunction, decree or restraining order.
Whenever the director shall have refused to grant or renew a license, or shall have revoked a license required by law to operate or conduct a nursing home, or shall have ordered a person to refrain from conduct violating the rules of the director, and the person deeming himself or herself aggrieved by such refusal or revocation or order shall have appealed the action of the director, the court may, during pendency of such appeal, issue a restraining order or injunction upon proof that the operation of the nursing home or its failure to comply with the order of the director adversely affects the well-being or safety of the residents of the nursing home. Should a person who is refused a license or the renewal of a license to operate or conduct a nursing home or whose license to operate is revoked or who has been ordered to refrain from conduct or activity which violates the rules of the director, fail to appeal or should such appeal be decided favorably to the director, then the court shall issue a permanent injunction upon proof that the person is operating or conducting a nursing home without a license as required by law, or has continued to violate the rules of the director.
(c) Any nursing home that deprives a resident of any right or benefit created or established for the well-being of this residentby the terms of any contract, by any state statute or rule, or by any applicable federal statute or regulation, shall be liable to the resident for injuries suffered as a result of such deprivation. Upon a finding that a resident has been deprived of such a right or benefit, and that the resident has been injured as a result of such deprivation, and unless there is a finding that the nursing home exercised all care reasonably necessary to prevent and limit the deprivation and injury to the resident, compensatory damages shall be assessed in an amount sufficient to compensate the resident for such injury. In addition, where the deprivation of any such right or benefit is found to have been willful or in reckless disregard of the lawful rights of the resident, punitive damages may be assessed. A resident may also maintain an action pursuant to this section for any other type of relief, including injunctive and declaratory relief, permitted by law. Exhaustion of any available administrative remedies may not be required prior to commencement of suit hereunder.
The amount of damages recovered by a resident, in an action brought pursuant to this section, shall be exempt for purposes of determining initial or continuing eligibility for medical assistance under article four, chapter nine of this code, and may neither be taken into consideration nor required to be applied toward the payment or part payment of the cost of medical care or services available under said article.
Any waiver by a resident or his or her legal representative ofthe right to commence an action under this section, whether oral or in writing, shall be null and void as contrary to public policy.
(d) The penalties and remedies provided in this section are cumulative and shall be in addition to all other penalties and remedies provided by law.