§ 209 - Jurisdiction; general scope
§ 209. Jurisdiction; general scope
(a) On due notice, the board shall have jurisdiction to hear, determine, render judgment and make orders and decrees in all matters provided for in the charter or articles of any corporation owning or operating any plant, line or property subject to supervision under this chapter, and shall have like jurisdiction in all matters respecting:
(1) The purity, quantity or quality of any product furnished or sold by any company subject to supervision under this chapter, and may prescribe the equipment for and standard of measurement, pressure or initial voltage of such product;
(2) The providing for each kind of business subject to supervision under this chapter, suitable and convenient standard commercial units of product or service, which standards shall be lawful for the purposes of this chapter;
(3) The manner of operating and conducting any business subject to supervision under this chapter, so as to be reasonable and expedient, and to promote the safety, convenience and accommodation of the public;
(4) The price, toll, rate or rental charged by any company subject to supervision under this chapter, when unreasonable or in violation of law;
(5) The sufficiency and maintenance of proper systems, plants, conduits, appliances, wires and exchanges, and when the public safety and welfare require the location of such wires or any portion thereof underground;
(6) To restrain any company subject to supervision under this chapter from violations of law, unjust discriminations, usurpation or extortion;
(7) The issue of stock, mortgages, bonds or other securities as provided in section 108 of this title;
(8) The sale to electric companies of electricity generated by facilities:
(A) which produce electric energy solely by the use of biomass, waste, renewable resources, cogeneration, or any combination thereof; and
(B) which are owned by a person not primarily engaged in the generation or sale of electric power, excluding power derived from facilities described in subdivision (a)(8)(A) of this section; and
(C) which have a power production capacity which, together with any other facilities located at the same site, is not greater than 80 megawatts;
(9) The issuance of qualified cost mitigation charge orders pertaining to facilities described in subdivision (8) of this subsection, subject to the terms and conditions of section 209a of this title.
(b) The provisions of section 218 of this title notwithstanding, the public service board shall, under sections 803-804 of Title 3, adopt rules applicable to companies subject to this chapter which:
(1) Regulate or prescribe terms and conditions of extension of utility service to customers or applicants for service including:
(A) the conditions under which a deposit may be required, if any;
(B) the extension of service lines;
(C) the terms of payment of any required deposit; and
(D) the return of any deposit;
(2) Regulate or prescribe the grounds upon which the companies may disconnect or refuse to reconnect service to customers; and
(3) Regulate and prescribe reasonable procedures used by companies in disconnecting or reconnecting services and billing customers in regard thereto.
(c) Rules adopted under subsection (b) of this section shall be aimed at protection of the health and safety of utility customers so that uninterrupted utility service may be continued on reasonable terms for the utility and its customers. Such rules shall also ensure that a reasonable rate of interest, adjusted for variations in market interest rates, be set on security deposits held by utility companies.
(d)(1) The public service department, any entity appointed by the board under subdivision (2) of this subsection, all gas and electric utility companies, and the board upon its own motion, are encouraged to propose, develop, solicit, and monitor energy efficiency and conservation programs and measures, including appropriate combined heat and power systems that result in the conservation and efficient use of energy and meet the applicable agency of natural resources' air quality standards. Such programs and measures, and their implementation, may be approved by the board if it determines they will be beneficial to the ratepayers of the companies after such notice and hearings as the board may require by order or by rule. The public service department shall investigate the feasibility of enhancing and expanding the efficiency programs of gas utilities and shall make any appropriate proposals to the board.
(2) In place of utility-specific programs developed pursuant to section 218c of this title, the board shall, after notice and opportunity for hearing, provide for the development, implementation, and monitoring of gas and electric energy efficiency and conservation programs and measures including programs and measures delivered in multiple service territories, by one or more entities appointed by the board for these purposes. The board may include appropriate combined heat and power systems that result in the conservation and efficient use of energy and meet the applicable agency of natural resources' air quality standards. Except with regard to a transmission company, the board may specify that the appointment of an energy efficiency utility to deliver services within an electric utility's service territory satisfies that electric utility's corresponding obligations, in whole or in part, under section 218c of this title and under any prior orders of the board.
(3) In addition to its existing authority, the board may establish by order or rule a volumetric charge to customers for the support of energy efficiency programs that meet the requirements of section 218c of this title. The charge shall be known as the energy efficiency charge, shall be shown separately on each customer's bill, and shall be paid to a fund administrator appointed by the board and deposited into an electric efficiency fund. When such a charge is shown, notice as to how to obtain information about energy efficiency programs approved under this section shall be provided in a manner directed by the board. This notice shall include, at a minimum, a toll free telephone number, and to the extent feasible shall be on the customer's bill and near the energy efficiency charge. Balances in the electric efficiency fund shall be ratepayer funds, shall be used to support the activities authorized in this subdivision, and shall be carried forward and remain in the fund at the end of each fiscal year. These monies shall not be available to meet the general obligations of the state. Interest earned shall remain in the fund. The board will annually provide the legislature with a report detailing the revenues collected and the expenditures made for energy efficiency programs under this section.
(4) The charge established by the board pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection shall be in an amount determined by the board by rule or order that is consistent with the principles of least cost integrated planning as defined in section 218c of this title. As circumstances and programs evolve, the amount of the charge shall be reviewed for unrealized energy efficiency potential and shall be adjusted as necessary in order to realize all reasonably available, cost-effective energy efficiency savings. In setting the amount of the charge and its allocation, the board shall determine an appropriate balance among the following objectives; provided, however, that particular emphasis shall be accorded to the first four of these objectives: reducing the size of future power purchases; reducing the generation of greenhouse gases; limiting the need to upgrade the state's transmission and distribution infrastructure; minimizing the costs of electricity; providing efficiency and conservation as a part of a comprehensive resource supply strategy; providing the opportunity for all Vermonters to participate in efficiency and conservation programs; and the value of targeting efficiency and conservation efforts to locations, markets or customers where they may provide the greatest value. No later than December 31, 2009, the board, by rule or order, shall establish a process by which a customer who pays an average annual energy efficiency charge under subdivision (3) of this subsection of at least $5,000.00 may apply to the board to self-administer energy efficiency through the use of an energy savings account which shall contain a percentage of the customer's energy efficiency charge payments as determined by the board. The remaining portion of the charge shall be used for systemwide energy benefits. The board in its rules or order shall establish criteria for approval of these applications.
(5) Appointment of an entity under subdivision (2) of this subsection may be by contract or by an order of appointment. An appointment, whether by order of appointment or by contract, may only be issued after notice and opportunity for hearing. An order of appointment shall be for a limited duration not to exceed 12 years, although an entity may be reappointed by order or contract. An order of appointment may include any conditions and requirements that the board deems appropriate to promote the public good. For good cause, after notice and opportunity for hearing, the board may amend or revoke an order of appointment.
(6) Any entity appointed by order of appointment under subdivisions (2) and (5) of this subsection that is not an electric or gas utility already regulated under this title shall not be considered to be a company as defined under section 201 of this title, but shall be subject to the provisions of sections 18-21, 30-32, 205-208, subsection 209(a), sections 219, 221, and subsection 231(b) of this title, to the same extent as a company as defined under section 201 of this title. The board and the department of public service shall have jurisdiction under those sections over the entity, its directors, receivers, trustees, lessees, or other persons or companies owning or operating the entity and of all plants, equipment, and property of that entity used in or about the business carried on by it in this state as covered and included in this section. This jurisdiction shall be exercised by the board and the department so far as may be necessary to enable them to perform the duties and exercise the powers conferred upon them by law. The board and the department each may, when they deem the public good requires, examine the plants, equipment, and property of any entity appointed by order of appointment under subdivisions (2) and (5) of this subsection.
(7) Net revenues above costs associated with payments from the New England Independent System Operator (ISO-NE) for capacity savings resulting from the activities of the energy efficiency utility designated under subdivision (2) of this subsection shall be deposited into the electric efficiency fund established by this section and be used by the entity appointed under subdivision (2) of this subsection to deliver fossil fuel energy efficiency services to Vermont heating and process-fuel consumers on a whole-buildings basis to help meet the state's building efficiency goals established by 10 V.S.A. § 581.
(8) Effective January 1, 2010, such revenues from the sale of carbon credits under the cap and trade program as provided for in section 255 of this title shall be deposited into the electric efficiency fund established by this section.
(e) The board shall:
(1) Ensure that all retail consumers, regardless of retail electricity, gas, or heating or process fuel provider, will have an opportunity to participate in and benefit from a comprehensive set of cost-effective energy efficiency programs and initiatives designed to overcome barriers to participation.
(2) Require that continued or improved efficiencies be made in the production, delivery, and use of energy efficiency services, including the use of compensation mechanisms for any energy efficiency entity appointed under subdivision (d)(2) of this section that are based upon verified savings in energy usage and demand, and other performance targets specified by the board. The linkage between compensation and verified savings in energy usage and demand (and other performance targets) shall be reviewed and adjusted not less than triennially by the board.
(3) Build on the energy efficiency expertise and capabilities that have developed or may develop in the state.
(4) Promote program initiatives and market strategies that address the needs of persons or businesses facing the most significant barriers to participation.
(5) Promote coordinated program delivery, including coordination with low income weatherization programs, other efficiency programs, and utility programs.
(6) Consider innovative approaches to delivering energy efficiency, including strategies to encourage third party financing and customer contributions to the cost of efficiency measures.
(7) Provide a reasonably stable multiyear budget and planning cycle in order to promote program improvement, program stability, enhanced access to capital and personnel, improved integration of program designs with the budgets of regulated companies providing energy services, and maturation of programs and delivery resources.
(8) Approve programs, measures, and delivery mechanisms that reasonably reflect current and projected market conditions, technological options, and environmental benefits.
(9) Provide for delivery of these programs as rapidly as possible, taking into consideration the need for these services, and cost-effective delivery mechanisms.
(10) Provide for the independent evaluation of programs delivered under subsection (d) of this section.
(11) Require that any entity appointed by the board under subsection (d) of this section deliver board-approved programs in an effective, efficient, timely, and competent manner and meet standards that are consistent with those in section 218c of this title, the board's orders in public service board docket 5270, and any relevant board orders in subsequent energy efficiency proceedings.
(12) Require verification, on or before January 1, 2003, and every three years thereafter, by an independent auditor of the reported energy and capacity savings and cost-effectiveness of programs delivered by any entity appointed by the board to deliver energy efficiency programs under subdivision (d)(2) of this section.
(13) Ensure that any energy efficiency program approved by the board shall be reasonable and cost-effective.
(14) Consider the impact on retail electric rates and bills of programs delivered under subsection (d) of this section and the impact on fuel prices and bills.
(15) Ensure that the energy efficiency programs implemented under this section are designed to make continuous and proportional progress toward attaining the overall state building efficiency goals established by 10 V.S.A. § 581, by promoting all forms of energy end-use efficiency and comprehensive sustainable building design. The funds made available under subdivision (d)(7) of this section may be used by an efficiency entity appointed under subdivision (2) of this section to deliver fossil fuel energy efficiency services to Vermont heating and process-fuel consumers on a whole-building basis.
(f) The public service board may prescribe, by rule or order, standards for the labeling of electricity delivered or intended for delivery to ultimate consumers as to price, terms, sources and objective environmental impacts, along with such procedures as it deems necessary for verification of information contained in such labels. The public service board may prescribe, by rule or by order, standards and criteria for the substantiation of such labeling or of any claims regarding the price, terms, sources and environmental impacts of electricity delivered or intended for delivery to ultimate consumers in Vermont, along with enforcement procedures and penalties. When establishing standards for the labeling of electricity, the board shall weigh the cost, as well as the benefits, of compliance with such standards. With respect to companies distributing electricity to ultimate consumers, the board may order disclosure and publication, not to occur more than once each year, of any labeling required pursuant to the standards established by this subsection. Standards established under this subsection may include provisions for:
(1) the form of labels;
(2) information on retail and wholesale price;
(3) terms and conditions of service;
(4) types of generation resources in a seller's mix and percentage of power produced from each source;
(5) disclosure of the environmental effects of each energy source; and
(6) a description of other services, including, but not limited to, energy services or energy efficiency opportunities.
(g) For the purposes of board rules on attachments to poles owned by companies subject to regulation under this title, broadband service providers shall be considered "attaching entities" with equivalent rights to attach facilities as those provided to "attaching entities" in the rules, regardless of whether such broadband providers offer a service subject to the jurisdiction of the board. The board shall adopt rules in accordance with chapter 25 of Title 3 to further implement this section. The rules shall be aimed at furthering the state's interest in ubiquitous deployment of mobile telecommunications and broadband services within the state.
(h)(1) No later than September 1, 2009, the department shall recommend to the board a three-year pilot project for a class of self-managed energy efficiency programs for transmission and industrial electric ratepayers only.
(2) The board will review the department's recommendation and, by order, enact a class of self-managed energy efficiency programs by December 31, 2009, to take effect for a three-year period beginning January 1, 2010.
(3) Entities approved to participate in the self-managed energy efficiency program class shall be exempt from all statewide charges under subdivision (d)(3) of this section that support energy efficiency programs performed by or on behalf of Vermont electric utilities.
(4) All of the following shall apply to a class of programs under this subsection:
(A) A member of the transmission or industrial electric rate classes shall be eligible to apply to participate in the self-managed energy efficiency program class if the charges to the applicant under subdivision (d)(3) of this section were a minimum of $1.5 million during calendar year 2008.
(B) A cost-based fee to be determined by the board shall be charged to the applicant to cover the administrative costs, including savings verification, incurred by the board and department. The board shall determine procedures for savings verification. Such procedures shall be consistent with savings verification procedures established for entities appointed under subdivision (d)(2) of this section.
(C) An applicant shall demonstrate to the board that it has a comprehensive energy management program with annual objectives. Achievement of certification of ISO standard 14001 shall be eligible to satisfy the requirements of having a comprehensive program.
(D) An applicant shall commit to a three-year minimum energy efficiency investment of an annual average of no less than $1 million.
(E) Participation in the self-managed program includes efficiency programs and measures applicable to electric and other forms of energy. A participant may balance efficiency investments across all types of energy or fuels without limitations.
(F) A participant shall provide to the board and department annually an accounting of energy investments and energy savings in the form prescribed by the board, which may conduct reasonable audits to ensure accuracy of the data provided.
(G) The board shall report to the general assembly annually by April 30 concerning the prior calendar year's class of self-managed energy efficiency programs. The report shall include identification of participants, their annual investments, and resulting savings, and any actions taken to exclude entities from the program.
(H) Upon approval of an application by the board, the applicant shall be able to participate in the class of self-managed energy efficiency programs for a three-year period.
(I) On a determination that a participant in the self-managed efficiency program class has not met the commitment required by subdivision (4)(D) of this subsection, the board shall terminate the participant's eligibility for the self-managed program class and the former participant will be subject to the then existing charges under subdivision (d)(3) of this section applicable to its rate class and within 90 days of such termination shall pay to the electric efficiency fund described in subdivision (d)(3) of this section the difference between the investment it made while in the self-managed energy efficiency program and the charges it would have incurred under subdivision (d)(3) of this section had the entity not been part of that program. An entity may not reapply for membership in the self-managed program after such termination.
(J) A participant in the self-managed program class may request confidentiality of data it reports to the board if the data would qualify for exemption from disclosure under 1 V.S.A. § 317. If such confidentiality is requested, the board shall disclose the data only in accordance with a protective agreement approved by the board and signed by the recipient of the data, unless a court orders otherwise.
(K) Any data not subject to a confidentiality request under subdivision (4)(J) of this subsection will be a public record.
(L) A participant in the self-managed program class may submit projects to the independent system operator of New England, including through recognized aggregators, for payments under that operator's forward capacity market program, and shall invest such payments in electric or fuel efficiency.
(M) A participant in the self-managed program class may receive funding from an energy program administered by a government or other entity which is not the participant but may not count such funds received as part of the annual commitment to its self-managed energy efficiency program.
(N) If, at the end of the third year after an applicant's approval to participate in the self-managed efficiency program (the three-year period), the applicant has not met the commitment required by subdivision (4)(D) of this subsection, the applicant shall pay to the electric efficiency fund described in subdivision (d)(3) of this section the difference between the investment the applicant made while in the self-managed energy efficiency program and the charges the applicant would have incurred under subdivision (d)(3) of this section during the three-year period had the applicant not been a participant in the program. This payment shall be made no later than 90 days after the end of the three-year period. (Amended 1959, No. 329 (Adj. Sess.), § 39(b), eff. March 1, 1961; 1961, No. 183, § 5; 1975, No. 56, § 1; 1979, No. 147 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1981, No. 245 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1989, No. 112, § 6, eff. June 22, 1989; 1995, No. 182 (Adj. Sess.), § 27a, eff. May 22, 1996; 1999, No. 60, § 1, eff. June 1, 1999; 1999, No. 143 (Adj. Sess.), § 28; 2001, No. 145 (Adj. Sess.), §§ 1, 2; 2005, No. 61, § 6; 2005, No. 208 (Adj. Sess.), § 10; 2007, No. 79, § 6, eff. June 9, 2007; 2007, No. 92 (Adj. Sess.), § 12; No. 190 (Adj. Sess.), §§ 52, 53, eff. June 6, 2008; 2009, No. 45, }§ 14, 14a, eff. May 27, 2009; No. 54, § 104, eff. June 1, 2009; No. 1 (Sp. Sess.), § E.235.1, eff. June 2, 2009.)