§ 10 - Vermont endangered and threatened species rule
§ 10. Vermont endangered and threatened species rule TITLE 10AConservation and Development 4 APPENDIXCHAPTER 1. GAMESubchapter I. General Provisions
§ 10. Vermont endangered and threatened species rule
1.0 Authority
This rule is adopted pursuant to 10 V.S.A., Chapter 123, § 5402(a), which provides that the Secretary "shall adopt by rule a state-endangered species list and a state threatened species list." Such list "may apply to the whole state or to any part of the state and shall identify the species by its most recently accepted genus and species name."
2.0 Purpose
The purpose of this rule:
(a) Is to identify and list which species of wild plants and animals are considered by the Secretary to be endangered and threatened in Vermont so that they may be protected under the law.
(b) Implements the legislative policy of the enabling statutes (1981, No. 188 (Adj. Sess.), § 1) which provides:
"(a) The state of Vermont recognizes the value, which plants, fish and wildlife in their natural environment have for public enjoyment, ecological balance, and scientific study. The state also recognizes the need for protection and preservation of these species and for encouragement of public understanding regarding the desirability of these protection and preservation efforts.
"(b) By passage of this act, the general assembly intends to declare as state policy; that species of wildlife and wild plants normally occurring within this state which may be found to be threatened or endangered within the state should be accorded protection as necessary to maintain and enhance their numbers; that the state should assist in the protection of species of wildlife and wild plants which are determined to be "threatened' or "endangered' elsewhere pursuant to the federal Endangered Species Act; and that adequate federal funding for the conservation of threatened and endangered species may be made available to the agency of environmental conservation under Public Law 96-366 and other laws.
"(c) The general assembly further intends to allow for the orderly development of the state without undue hardship being caused by the provisions of this act providing for the power of issuing variances."
3.1 Endangered Species are those species whose continued existence as viable components of the state's wild flora or fauna is determined to be in jeopardy.
3.2 Threatened Species are those likely within the foreseeable future to become endangered.
3.3 Secretary is the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources except where otherwise specified.
4.0 Procedures
4.1 No person shall take or possess (as defined in 10 V.S.A. § 5401(13) and (14)) an endangered or threatened species, except when exempted as provided for in 10 V.S.A. § 5408.
4.2 Permits per 10 V.S.A. § 5408(a) may be granted by the Secretary only if the taking of an endangered or threatened species is:
4.2.1 For scientific purposes, or
4.2.2 To enhance the propagation of species, or
4.2.3 To prevent or mitigate economic hardship, or
4.2.4 For zoological exhibition, or
4.2.5 For educational purposes, or
4.2.6 For special purpose consistent with the purpose of the Federal Endangered Species Act (see 16 USCA § 1531(b)).
4.3 Permission may be requested for exceptions to requirements pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 5408, according to the following steps:
4.3.1 The petitioner submits a completed (as determined by the Secretary), written application for a permit to the Secretary, specifying for which purpose(s) the permit is required, as listed in 10 V.S.A. § 5408(a). The application shall include all information deemed necessary by the Secretary to properly evaluate the application, including a description of the possible impacts due to the proposed action, and plan for conservation or mitigation. The fee required by 10 V.S.A § 5408(f), shall accompany the application.
4.3.2 Within 30 days of receipt of the completed application, the Secretary shall inform the petitioner of the decision.
4.3.3 Hearing: The Secretary may defer the decision beyond 30 days if it is deemed necessary by the ESC to conduct a non-adversarial, public hearing in order to properly evaluate the application. Such hearing will be held within 60 days of the receipt of the application.
4.3.3.1 In situations where a petition has been denied and no public hearing has yet been held, the petitioner may request in writing to the Secretary that a hearing be held regarding the proposed activity. The Secretary will conduct a hearing within 30 days of receipt of the request (or within another timeframe to which the petitioner agrees), and provide the petitioner, the ESC (including the Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife), and other affected parties 20 days notice prior to holding the hearing.
4.3.3.2 The Secretary shall inform the petitioner of the decision within 20 working days following the closing of the hearing, unless the decision is extended for good cause.
4.3.4 The ESC and/or the Secretary may at any time communicate with the petitioner, to clarify issues or gain information.
4.3.5 The Secretary may require, as part of an issued permit, conditions for the protection and conservation of endangered species, per 10 V.S.A. Section 5403(a) and 10 V.S.A. Section 5408(a).
5.1 The following persons are exempt from provisions of the rule:
5.1.1 One holding a permit from the federal government or any other state to transport members of an endangered or threatened species from a point outside Vermont to another point within or without this state.
5.1.2 One possessing wildlife or wild plants which are not determined to be endangered or threatened under the Federal Endangered Species Act where the possessor is able to produce substantial evidence that the wildlife or wild plants were first taken or obtained in a place without violating the law of that place.
5.1.2.1 Owners of commercial nurseries who sell endangered and/or threatened species obtained legally elsewhere or propagated from stock obtained prior to passage of Act 188 in 1981, shall be exempted by a certificate issued by the Secretary, reviewed and approved at the Secretary's discretion. Such certificate shall be issued upon request and satisfactory documentation provided by the nursery owner that the plants were obtained or propagated legally.
5.1.2.2 Any nursery selling endangered or threatened species as described above, shall instruct the purchaser to maintain receipt as proof of legality of possession.
5.1.3 One engaging in normal agricultural or silvicultural practices (the rule shall not cause "undue interference" with such practices).
6.1 The following list of plants and animals is adopted as the Vermont Endangered and Threatened Species List pursuant to 10 V.S.A., Chapter 123. Any changes to the list must be adopted by the Secretary by rule. Changes may be proposed directly by the Secretary upon request by a person in accordance with 3 V.S.A. § 806.
Scientific Name Common Name Status Date Listed*
PLANTS
APIACEAE (UMBELLIFERAE)-
PARSLEY FAMILY
Sanicuia canadensis L. Short-styled snakeroot T 1
Taenidia integerrima (L.) DrudeYellow pimpernel T 1
ARACEAE-ARUM FAMILY
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Green dragon T 1
ASCLEPIADACEAE-MILK-
WEED FAMILY
Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. Blunt-leaved milkweed T 1
Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly-weed T 1
ASPLENIACEAE-SPLEEN-
WORT FAMILY
Asplenium montanum Willd. Mountain spleenwort T 1
Asplenium trichomanes- Green spleenwort T 1
ramosum L.
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)-
COMPOSITE FAMILY
Eupatorium sessilifolium Sessile-leaved boneset E 4
Helianthus strumosus L. Harsh sunflower T 1
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt. Hairy lettuce T 5
Omalotheca sylvatica
(L.) Schultz-Bip. & F.W. Woodland cudweed E 4
Schultz
Petasites frigidus var. Sweet coltsfoot T 1
palmatus (Ait.)
Crong.
Polymnia canadensis L. White-flowered leafcup E 5, A
Prenanthes boottii (DC.) Gray Boott's rattlesnake-root E 1
Solidago odora Ait. Sweet goldenrod T 1
Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Elm-leaved goldenrod E 4, A
Willd.
BETULACEAE-BIRCH FAMILY
Betula pumila L. Swamp birch E 4
BLECHNACEAE-CHAIN FERN
FAMILY
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. Virginia chain-fern T 1
BORAGINACEAE-BORAGE
FAMILY
Cynoglossum virginianum L. Northern wild camfrey T 1
Ivar. boreale Cooperider
Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb) Nodding stickseed T 1
Opiz. var. americana (A. Gray)
Fern. & I.M. Johnston
BRASSICACEAE (CRUCIFERAE)
MUSTARD FAMILY
Arabis drummondii Gray Drummond's rock-cress E 4
Arabis lyrata L. Lyre-leaved rock-cress T 1
Braya humilis (C.A. Mey.) Northern rock-cress T 1
Robins. Draba cana Rydb. Lanceolate cress T 1
Draba glabella Pursh Smooth draba T 1
Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Lake-cress T 1
Greene
BRYACEAE-BRYUM FAMILY
Plagiobryum zierii (Hedw.) A moss E 3
Lindb.
CAESALPINIACEAE-
CAESALPINIA FAMILY
Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin Wild Senna T 1
& Barneby
CAPRIFOLIACEAE-HONEY-
SUCKLE FAMILY
Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf. Squashberry T 1
CARYOPHLLACEAE-PINK
FAMILY
Minuartia (Arenaria) marcescens Marcescent sandwort T 1
(Fern.) House
Minuartia (Arenaria) rubella Marble sandwort T 1
(Wahlenb.) Hiern
CISTACEAE-ROCKROSE
FAMILY
Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. Plains frostweed T 1
Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. Beach heather E 1
Lechea mucronata Raf. Hairy pinweed E 4
CLUSIACEAE (HYPERICACEAE;
GUTTIFERAE)-ST. JOHN'S-
WORT FAMILY
Hypericum ascyron ait. Great St. John's-wort T 1
CONVOLVULACEAE-
CONVOLULUS FAMILY
Calystegia spithamaeus (L.) Low bindweed T 1
Pursh
CORNACEAE-DOGWOOD
FAMILY
Cornus florida L. Flowering dogwood T 1
CRASSULACEAE-ORPINE
FAMILY
Sedum rosea (L.) Scop. Roseroot T 1
CUPRESSACEAE-CYPRESS
FAMILY
Juniperus horizontalis Moench Creeping juniper T 1
CYPERACEAE-SEDGE
FAMILY
Carex arcta Boott Contracted sedge E 4
Carex atratiformis Britt. Blackish sedge T 1
Carex buxbaumii Walenb. Buxbaum's sedge E 1
Carex capillaris L. Capillary sedge T 1
Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh, Creeping sedge E 4
ex L. f.
Carex foenea Willd. Bronze sedge E 4
Carex garberi Fern. Garber's sedge T 1
Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. Pale sedge T 1
Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr Muhlenberg's sedge T 1
ex. Willd.
Carex oligocarpa Willd. Few-fruited sedge E 4
Carex richardsonii R. Br. Richardson's sedge E 1
Carex siccata Dewey Hay sedge E 4
Carex vaginata Tausch Sheathed sedge E 4
Cyperus diandrus Torr. Low cyperus E 3
Cyperus houghtonii Torr. Houghton's sedge T 1
Eleocharis pauciflora Few-flowered spike rush T 1
(Lightf.) Link
Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Autumn fimbristylis E 4
R. & S.
Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. Capillary beak-rush T 1
Scirpus ancistrochaetus Barbed-bristle bulrush E 4, A
Schuyler
Scirpus verecundus Bashful bulrush E 4, A
DIAPENSIACEAE-DIAPENSIA
FAMILY
Diapensia lapponica L. Diapensia E 1
DRYOPTERIDACEAE-WOOD
FERN FAMILY
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Male Fern T 1
Schott
Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S.F. Alpine woodsia E 1
Gray
EQUISETACEAE-HORSETAIL
FAMILY
Equisetum palustre L. Marsh horsetail T 1
ERICACEAE-HEALTH FAMILY
Rhododendron maximum L. Great laurel T 1
Vaccinium stamineum L. Deerberry E 5
FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)-
PULSE FAMILY
Astragalus canadensis L. Canadian milk-vetch T 1
Astragalus robbinsii (Oakes) Jessup's milk-vetch E 1
Gray var. je supi Egglst.
& Sheid.
Crotalaria sagittalis L. Rattlebox T 1
Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Large-bracted tick-trefoil E 1
Loud.
Desmondium rotundifolium DC. Prostrate tick-trefoil T 1
Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Beach-pea T 1
Bigelow.
Lathyrus palustris L. Vetchling T 1
Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. Hairy bush-clover T 4
Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. Violet bush-clover T 1
Lupinus perennis L. Wild lupine E 6, A
FAGACEAE-BEECH FAMILY
Quercus ilicifolia Wang. Scrub oak E 4
Quercus prinoides Willd. Dwarf chinkapin oak E 7
FUMARIACEAE-FUMITORY
FAMILY
Corydalis aurea Wild. Golden corydalis T 1
GENTIANACEAE-GENTIAN
FAMILY
Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. Fringe-top closed gentian T 1
Gentianella amarella (L.) Felwort T 1
Boerner
Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Stiff gentian T 1
Small
HIPPURIDACEAE-MARE'S-TAIL
FAMILY
Hippuris vulgaris Mare's tail E 4
HYDROPHYLLACEAE-
WATERLEAF FAMILY
Hydrophyllum canadense (L.) Broad-leaved waterleaf T 1
ISOETACEAE-QUILLWORT
FAMILY
Isoetes engelmannii A. Br. Engelmann's quillwort T 1
JUNCACEAE-RUSH FAMILY
Juncus greenei Oakes & Greene's rush E 4
Tuckerm.
Juncus militaris Bigelow Soldier rush E 4
Juncus secundus Beauv. ex Poir. Secund rush E 4
Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey's rush E 5
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
MINT FAMILY
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Ktze. Yellow giant hyssop T 1
Agastache scrophulariaefolia Purple giant hyssop T 1
(Willd.) Ktze.
Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh.) Hairy wood-mint T 1
Benth.
Dracocephalum parviflorum. American dragonhead T 1
Nutt.
Physostegia virginiana Obedience T 1
(L.) Benth.
Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Hoary mountain mint E 4
Michx.
LENTIBULARIACEAE-
BLADDERWORT FAMILY
Utricularia resupinata B.D. Northeastern bladderwort T 1
Greene
LILIACEAE-LILY FAMILY
Allium canadense L. Wild garlic T 1
Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Sticky false-asphodel T 1
Baker
LYCOPODIACEAE-CLUBMOSS
FAMILY
Diphasiastrum sitchense Alaskan clubmoss T 1
(Rupr.) Holub
LYGODIACEAE-CLIMBING FERN
FAMILY
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Climbing fern E 1
Sw.
MELASTOMATACEAE-
MELASTOMA FAMILY
Rhexia virginica L. Virginia meadow-beauty T 1
MONOTROPACEAE-INDIAN PIPE
FAMILY
Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Pinedrops E 4
MORACEAE-MULBERRY
FAMILY
Morus rubra L. Red mulberry T 1
NYMPHACEAE-WATER-LILY
FAMILY
Nymphaea leibergii Morong. Pygmy water-lily E 7
ONAGRACEAE-EVENING PRIM-
ROSE FAMILY
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Many-fruited E 1
Peter false-loosestrife
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE-ADDER'S-
TONGUE FAMILY
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort E 1
ORCHIDACEAE-ORCHID FAMILY
Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Putty-root T 1
Willd.) Torr.
Arethusa bulbosa L. Arethusa T 1
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes Calypso T 1
Corallorhiza odontorhiza Autumn coral-root T 1
(Willd.) Nutt
Cypripedium arietinum R. Br. Ram's head lady's-slipper T 1
Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Small whorled pogonia E 4
Raf.
Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Large whorled pogonia T 1
Willd.) Raf.
Liparis lilifolia (L.) L.C. Lily-leaved twayblade T 1
Rich. ex Lindl.
Listera auriculata Wieg. Auricled twayblade E 1
Listera australis Lindl. Southern twayblade E 1
Malaxis brachypode (Gray) White adder's mouth T 1
Fern.
Platanthera (Habenaria) flava Tubercled orchis T 1
(L.) Lindl.
Platanthera (Habenaria) Hookeri Hooker's orchis T 1
(Torr.) Lindl.
Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Three-birds orchid T 1
Rydb.
PINACEAE-PINE FAMILY
Pinus banksiana Lamb. Jack pine T 1
POACEAE (GRAMINEAE)-GRASS
FAMILY
Ammophila champlainensis Champlain beach grass E 1
Seymour
Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Bentgrass E 4
Koel ssp. inexpansa (Gray)
C.W. Greene
Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Sharp manna-grass E 4
Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) R. & S. Alpine sweet-grass T 1
Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Slender mountain-rice T 4
Hitchc.
Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Stiff witch-grass E 4
Scribn.
Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Shiny wedgegrass E 4
Scribn.
Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Blunt spenopholis E 4
Scribn.
Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Rough rush-grass E 1
Kunth
Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. Eight-flowered fescue E 4
POLEMONIACEAE-
POLEMONIUM FAMILY
Polemonium van-bruntiae Britt. Eastern Jacob's ladder T 1
POLYGONACEAE-BUCKWHEAT
FAMILY
Polygonum douglasii Greene Douglas' knotweed E 4
PRIMULACEAE-PRIMROSE
FAMILY
Primula mistassinica Michx. Bird's-eye primrose T 1
PTERIDACEAE-MAIDENHAIR
FERN FAMILY
Adiantum viridimontanum Paris Green Mountain maid- T 5
enhair
PYROLACEAE-WINTERGREEN
FAMILY
Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Bog wintergreen T 4
Pyrola minor L. Lesser pyrola E 1
RANUNCULACEAE-
CROWFOOT FAMILY
Anemone multifida Poir. ex Early thimbleweed E 1
Lam.
Hydrastis canadensis L. Golden-seal E 1
Ranunculus allegheniensis Allegheny buttercup T 4
Britt.
RHAMNACEAE-BUCKTHORN
FAMILY
Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. Prairie red-root E 1
ROSACEAE-ROSE FAMILY
Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. Northern cinquefoil E 4
bipinnatifida (Douglas) T. & G.
Prunus americana Marsh. Wild plum T 1
Rosa acicularis Lindl. Needle-spine rose E 4
RUBIACEAE-MADDER FAMILY
Galium labradoricum Wieg. Bog bedstraw T 1
SALICACEAE-WILLOW FAMILY
Salix plainifolia Pursh Tea-leaved willow T 1
Salix uva-ursi Pursh Bearberry willow E 1
SCHEUCHZIERIACEAE-SCHEUCHZERIA
FAMILY
Scheuchzeria palustria L. Pod-grass T 1
SCROPHULARIACEAE-FIGWORT
FAMILY
Castilleja septentrionalis Northern painted-cup T 1
Lindl.
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Culver's-root E 1
Farw.
SPARGANIACEAE-BUR-REED
FAMILY
Sparganium nutans L. Lesser bur-reed T 4
SPHAGNACEAE-SPHAGNUM
FAMILY
Sphagnum nitidum Warnst. A peat moss E 3
VALERIANACEAE-VALERIAN
FAMILY
Valeriana uliginosa (T. & G.) Marsh valerian E 1
Rydb.
VIOLACEAE-VIOLET FAMILY
Viola lanceolata L. Lance-leaved violet T 1
XYRIDACEAE-YELLOW-EYED
GRASS FAMILY
Xyris montana H. Ries Yellow-eyed grass T 1
6.3 AMPHIPODS
GAMMARIDAE
Stygobromus borealis Taconic cave amphipod E 5
6.4 INSECTS
CICINDELIDAE-TIGER BEETLE
FAMILY
Cicindela hirticollis Beach-dune tiger beetle T 5
Cicindela marginipennis Cobblestone tiger beetle T 1
Cicindela puritana Puritan tiger beetle T 5
6.5 MOLLUSKS
UNIONIDAE-UNIONOID MUSSEL
FAMILY
Alasmidonta heterodon Dwarf wedge mussel E 4, A
Alasmidonta varicosa Brook floater T 5
Anodontoides ferussacianus Cylindrical papershell E 6
Lampsilis ovata Pocketbook E 6
Lasmigona costata Fluted-shell E 6
Ligumia recta Black sand shell E 6, e
Leptodea fragilis Fragile papershell E 6
Margaritifera margaritifera Eastern pearl mussel T 5
Potamilus alatus Pink heelsplitter E 6
Pyganodon grandis Giant floater T 6
6.6 FISH
ACIPENSERIDAE-STURGEON
FAMILY
Acipenser fulvescens Lake sturgeon E 1
ICTALURIDAE - BULLHEAD
CATFISH FAMILY
Noturus flavus Stonecat E 5
PERCIDAE-PERCH FAMILY
Ammocrypta pellucida Eastern sand darter T 1
Percina copelandi Channel darter E 6
PETROMYZONTIDAE-LAMPREY
FAMILY
Ichthyomyzon fosser Northern brook lamprey E 4, A
Lampetra appendix American brook lamprey T 1
6.7 AMPHIBIANS
HYLIDAE-TREEFROG FAMILY
Pseudacris triseriata Striped chorus frog E 1
6.8 REPTILES
EMYDIDAE-BOX AND WATER
TURTLE FAMILY
Clemmys guttata Spotted turtle E 6, c
SCINCIDAE-SKINK FAMILY
Eumeces fasciatus Five-lined skink E 1
TRONYCHIDAE-SOFTSHELL
TURTLE FAMILY
Apalone spinifera Spiny softshell T 1
COLUMBRIDAE-COLUBRID
SNAKE FAMILY
Coluber constrictor Eastern racer T 7
Elaphe obsolete Eastern ratsnake T 7
VIPERIDAE-VIPER FAMILY
Crotalus horridus Timber rattlesnake E 1
6.9 BIRDS
ACCIPITRIDAE-HAWK AND
EAGLE FAMILY
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald eagle E 1
FRINGILLIDAE-GROSBEAK,
FINCH, SPARROW AND BUNT-
ING FAMILY
Ammodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow E 1
Ammodramus savannarun Grasshopper sparrow T 6
LANIIDAE-SHRIKE FAMILY
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead shrike E 1
LARIDAE-GULL AND TERN
FAMILY
Chlidonias niger Black tern T 5
Sterna hirindo Commom tern E 2, A
SCOLOPACIDAE-SANDPIPER
AND PHALAROPE FAMILY
Bartramia longicauda Upland sandpiper T 1
TETRAONIDAE-GROUSE FAMILY
Falcipennis canadensis Spruce grouse E 2
TROGLODYTIDAE-WREN FAMILY
Cistothorus platensis Sedge wren E 6, A
6.10 MAMMALS
FELIDAE-CAT FAMILY
Felis concolor cougar Eastern mountain lion E 1
Lynx canadensis Lynx E 1
MUSTELIDAE-MUSTELID FAMILY
Martes americana Marten E 1
VESPERTILIONIDAE-VESPER-
TILIONID BAT FAMILY
Myotis leibii Small-footed bat T 1
Myotis sidalis Indiana bat E 1
___________
*Date listed:
1 = 04-13-87
2 = 07-30-88
3 = 06-23-89
4 = 11-09-91
5 = 12-07-94
6 = 03-18-99
7 = 04-23-05
A = listed as threaten on 04-13-87
B = listed as threaten on 12-07-94
C = listed as threaten on 06-23-89
E = listed as threaten on 12-07-94
(1989, Regulation of the Secretary Agency of Natural Resources, eff. June 23, 1989; amended 1991, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Nov. 9, 1991; amended 1995, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Dec. 7, 1994; amended 1999, Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. Mar. 18, 1999; 2005 Regulation of the Secretary of Agency of Natural Resources, eff. April 28, 2005.)