76-5-111 - Abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a vulnerable adult -- Penalties.
76-5-111. Abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a vulnerable adult -- Penalties.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Abandonment" means a knowing or intentional action or inaction, includingdesertion, by a person or entity acting as a caretaker for a vulnerable adult that leaves thevulnerable adult without the means or ability to obtain necessary food, clothing, shelter, ormedical or other health care.
(b) "Abuse" means:
(i) attempting to cause harm, intentionally or knowingly causing harm, or intentionally orknowingly placing another in fear of imminent harm;
(ii) causing physical injury by knowing or intentional acts or omissions;
(iii) unreasonable or inappropriate use of physical restraint, medication, or isolation thatcauses or is likely to cause harm to a vulnerable adult that is in conflict with a physician's ordersor used as an unauthorized substitute for treatment, unless that conduct furthers the health andsafety of the adult; or
(iv) deprivation of life-sustaining treatment, except:
(A) as provided in Title 75, Chapter 2a, Advance Health Care Directive Act; or
(B) when informed consent, as defined in this section, has been obtained.
(c) "Business relationship" means a relationship between two or more individuals orentities where there exists an oral or written agreement for the exchange of goods or services.
(d) "Caretaker" means any person, entity, corporation, or public institution that assumesthe responsibility to provide a vulnerable adult with care, food, shelter, clothing, supervision,medical or other health care, or other necessities. "Caretaker" includes a relative by blood ormarriage, a household member, a person who is employed or who provides volunteer work, or aperson who contracts or is under court order to provide care.
(e) "Deception" means:
(i) a misrepresentation or concealment:
(A) of a material fact relating to services rendered, disposition of property, or use ofproperty intended to benefit a vulnerable adult;
(B) of the terms of a contract or agreement entered into with a vulnerable adult; or
(C) relating to the existing or preexisting condition of any property involved in a contractor agreement entered into with a vulnerable adult; or
(ii) the use or employment of any misrepresentation, false pretense, or false promise inorder to induce, encourage, or solicit a vulnerable adult to enter into a contract or agreement.
(f) "Elder adult" means a person 65 years of age or older.
(g) "Endeavor" means to attempt or try.
(h) "Exploitation" means the offense described in Subsection (4).
(i) "Harm" means pain, mental anguish, emotional distress, hurt, physical orpsychological damage, physical injury, suffering, or distress inflicted knowingly or intentionally.
(j) "Informed consent" means:
(i) a written expression by the person or authorized by the person, stating that the personfully understands the potential risks and benefits of the withdrawal of food, water, medication,medical services, shelter, cooling, heating, or other services necessary to maintain minimumphysical or mental health, and that the person desires that the services be withdrawn. A writtenexpression is valid only if the person is of sound mind when the consent is given, and the consentis witnessed by at least two individuals who do not benefit from the withdrawal of services; or
(ii) consent to withdraw food, water, medication, medical services, shelter, cooling,heating, or other services necessary to maintain minimum physical or mental health, as permittedby court order.
(k) "Intimidation" means communication conveyed through verbal or nonverbal conductwhich threatens deprivation of money, food, clothing, medicine, shelter, social interaction,supervision, health care, or companionship, or which threatens isolation or harm.
(l) (i) "Isolation" means knowingly or intentionally preventing a vulnerable adult fromhaving contact with another person by:
(A) preventing the vulnerable adult from receiving visitors, mail, or telephone calls,contrary to the express wishes of the vulnerable adult, including communicating to a visitor thatthe vulnerable adult is not present or does not want to meet with or talk to the visitor, knowingthat communication to be false;
(B) physically restraining the vulnerable adult in order to prevent the vulnerable adultfrom meeting with a visitor; or
(C) making false or misleading statements to the vulnerable adult in order to induce thevulnerable adult to refuse to receive communication from visitors or other family members.
(ii) The term "isolation" does not include an act intended to protect the physical ormental welfare of the vulnerable adult or an act performed pursuant to the treatment plan orinstructions of a physician or other professional advisor of the vulnerable adult.
(m) "Lacks capacity to consent" means an impairment by reason of mental illness,developmental disability, organic brain disorder, physical illness or disability, chronic use ofdrugs, chronic intoxication, short-term memory loss, or other cause to the extent that a vulnerableadult lacks sufficient understanding of the nature or consequences of decisions concerning theadult's person or property.
(n) "Neglect" means:
(i) failure of a caretaker to provide nutrition, clothing, shelter, supervision, personal care,or dental or other health care, or failure to provide protection from health and safety hazards ormaltreatment;
(ii) failure of a caretaker to provide care to a vulnerable adult in a timely manner andwith the degree of care that a reasonable person in a like position would exercise;
(iii) a pattern of conduct by a caretaker, without the vulnerable adult's informed consent,resulting in deprivation of food, water, medication, health care, shelter, cooling, heating, or otherservices necessary to maintain the vulnerable adult's well being;
(iv) intentional failure by a caretaker to carry out a prescribed treatment plan that resultsor could result in physical injury or physical harm; or
(v) abandonment by a caretaker.
(o) "Physical injury" includes damage to any bodily tissue caused by nontherapeuticconduct, to the extent that the tissue must undergo a healing process in order to be restored to asound and healthy condition, or damage to any bodily tissue to the extent that the tissue cannot berestored to a sound and healthy condition. "Physical injury" includes skin bruising, a dislocation,physical pain, illness, impairment of physical function, a pressure sore, bleeding, malnutrition,dehydration, a burn, a bone fracture, a subdural hematoma, soft tissue swelling, injury to anyinternal organ, or any other physical condition that imperils the health or welfare of thevulnerable adult and is not a serious physical injury as defined in this section.
(p) "Position of trust and confidence" means the position of a person who:
(i) is a parent, spouse, adult child, or other relative by blood or marriage of a vulnerableadult;
(ii) is a joint tenant or tenant in common with a vulnerable adult;
(iii) has a legal or fiduciary relationship with a vulnerable adult, including acourt-appointed or voluntary guardian, trustee, attorney, or conservator; or
(iv) is a caretaker of a vulnerable adult.
(q) "Serious physical injury" means any physical injury or set of physical injuries that:
(i) seriously impairs a vulnerable adult's health;
(ii) was caused by use of a dangerous weapon as defined in Section 76-1-601;
(iii) involves physical torture or causes serious emotional harm to a vulnerable adult; or
(iv) creates a reasonable risk of death.
(r) "Sexual exploitation" means the production, distribution, possession, or possessionwith the intent to distribute material or a live performance depicting a nude or partially nudevulnerable adult who lacks the capacity to consent, for the purpose of sexual arousal of anyperson.
(s) "Undue influence" occurs when a person uses the person's role, relationship, or powerto exploit, or knowingly assist or cause another to exploit, the trust, dependency, or fear of avulnerable adult, or uses the person's role, relationship, or power to gain control deceptively overthe decision making of the vulnerable adult.
(t) "Vulnerable adult" means an elder adult, or an adult 18 years of age or older who hasa mental or physical impairment which substantially affects that person's ability to:
(i) provide personal protection;
(ii) provide necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, or medical or other health care;
(iii) obtain services necessary for health, safety, or welfare;
(iv) carry out the activities of daily living;
(v) manage the adult's own resources; or
(vi) comprehend the nature and consequences of remaining in a situation of abuse,neglect, or exploitation.
(2) Under any circumstances likely to produce death or serious physical injury, anyperson, including a caretaker, who causes a vulnerable adult to suffer serious physical injury or,having the care or custody of a vulnerable adult, causes or permits that adult's person or health tobe injured, or causes or permits a vulnerable adult to be placed in a situation where the adult'sperson or health is endangered, is guilty of the offense of aggravated abuse of a vulnerable adultas follows:
(a) if done intentionally or knowingly, the offense is a second degree felony;
(b) if done recklessly, the offense is third degree felony; and
(c) if done with criminal negligence, the offense is a class A misdemeanor.
(3) Under circumstances other than those likely to produce death or serious physicalinjury any person, including a caretaker, who causes a vulnerable adult to suffer harm, abuse, orneglect; or, having the care or custody of a vulnerable adult, causes or permits that adult's personor health to be injured, abused, or neglected, or causes or permits a vulnerable adult to be placedin a situation where the adult's person or health is endangered, is guilty of the offense of abuse ofa vulnerable adult as follows:
(a) if done intentionally or knowingly, the offense is a class A misdemeanor;
(b) if done recklessly, the offense is a class B misdemeanor; and
(c) if done with criminal negligence, the offense is a class C misdemeanor.
(4) (a) A person commits the offense of exploitation of a vulnerable adult when theperson:
(i) is in a position of trust and confidence, or has a business relationship, with thevulnerable adult or has undue influence over the vulnerable adult and knowingly, by deception orintimidation, obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or use, the vulnerable adult's funds, credit,assets, or other property with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the vulnerableadult of the use, benefit, or possession of the adult's property, for the benefit of someone otherthan the vulnerable adult;
(ii) knows or should know that the vulnerable adult lacks the capacity to consent, andobtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or use, or assists another in obtaining or using orendeavoring to obtain or use, the vulnerable adult's funds, assets, or property with the intent totemporarily or permanently deprive the vulnerable adult of the use, benefit, or possession of hisproperty for the benefit of someone other than the vulnerable adult;
(iii) unjustly or improperly uses or manages the resources of a vulnerable adult for theprofit or advantage of someone other than the vulnerable adult;
(iv) unjustly or improperly uses a vulnerable adult's power of attorney or guardianshipfor the profit or advantage of someone other than the vulnerable adult;
(v) involves a vulnerable adult who lacks the capacity to consent in the facilitation orfurtherance of any criminal activity; or
(vi) commits sexual exploitation of a vulnerable adult.
(b) A person is guilty of the offense of exploitation of a vulnerable adult as follows:
(i) if done intentionally or knowingly and the aggregate value of the resources used or theprofit made is or exceeds $5,000, the offense is a second degree felony;
(ii) if done intentionally or knowingly and the aggregate value of the resources used orthe profit made is less than $5,000 or cannot be determined, the offense is a third degree felony;
(iii) if done recklessly, the offense is a class A misdemeanor; or
(iv) if done with criminal negligence, the offense is a class B misdemeanor.
(5) It does not constitute a defense to a prosecution for any violation of this section thatthe accused did not know the age of the victim.
(6) An adult is not considered abused, neglected, or a vulnerable adult for the reason thatthe adult has chosen to rely solely upon religious, nonmedical forms of healing in lieu of medicalcare.
Amended by Chapter 31, 2007 General Session