14-02 Personal Rights
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<![CDATA[CHAPTER 14-02PERSONAL RIGHTS14-02-01.General personal rights.Every person, subject to the qualifications andrestrictions provided by law, has the right of protection from bodily restraint or harm, from<br>personal insult, from defamation, and from injury to the person's personal relations.14-02-02. Defamation classified. Defamation is effected by:1.Libel; or2.Slander.14-02-03. Civil libel defined. Libel is a false and unprivileged publication by writing,printing, picture, effigy, or other fixed representation to the eye, which exposes any person to<br>hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes the person to be shunned or avoided, or<br>which has a tendency to injure the person in the person's occupation.14-02-04. Civil slander defined. Slander is a false and unprivileged publication otherthan libel, which:1.Charges any person with crime, or with having been indicted, convicted, or punished<br>for crime;2.Imputes to the person the present existence of an infectious, contagious, or<br>loathsome disease;3.Tends directly to injure the person in respect to the person's office, profession, trade,<br>or business, either by imputing to the person general disqualifications in those<br>respects which the office or other occupation peculiarly requires, or by imputing<br>something with reference to the person's office, profession, trade, or business that<br>has a natural tendency to lessen its profits;4.Imputes to the person impotence or want of chastity; or5.By natural consequence causes actual damage.14-02-05. Privileged communications. A privileged communication is one made:1.In the proper discharge of an official duty;2.In any legislative or judicial proceeding or in any other proceeding authorized by law;3.In a communication, without malice, to a person interested therein by one who also<br>is interested, or by one who stands in such relation to the person interested as to<br>afford a reasonable ground for supposing the motive for the communication<br>innocent, or who is requested by the person interested to give the information; and4.By a fair and true report, without malice, of a judicial, legislative, or other public<br>official proceeding, or of anything said in the course thereof.In the cases provided for in subsections 3 and 4, malice is not inferred from the communication<br>or publication.14-02-06. Offenses against personal relation. All civil claims for relief for breach ofpromise to marry, alienation of affection, criminal conversation, and seduction are abolished. A<br>claim for relief brought before July 1, 1983, under this section, is valid until final judgment is<br>rendered.Page No. 114-02-07. Force to protect. Any necessary force may be used to protect from wrongfulinjury the person or property of one's self, or of a wife, husband, child, parent, or other relative, or<br>member of one's family, or of a ward, servant, master, or guest.14-02-08.Libel suits against newspapers - Retraction.Repealed by S.L. 1995,ch. 332, </p>
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