163 - Purchasing services and commodities.

* §  163. Purchasing services and commodities. 1. Definitions. For the  purposes of this section, the following terms shall have  the  following  meanings unless otherwise specified:    a.  "Consortium"  means  like  entities  which  agree  to collectively  purchase commodities at a lower price than would be otherwise achievable  through purchase by such entities pursuant to other provisions  of  this  article.    b. "Emergency" means an urgent and unexpected requirement where health  and public safety or the conservation of public resources is at risk.    c.  "Responsible"  or  "responsibility"  means  the financial ability,  legal capacity, integrity, and past performance of a business entity and  as such terms have been interpreted relative to public procurements.    d. "Responsive" means a bidder or other offerer  meeting  the  minimum  specifications  or  requirements  as  prescribed  in  a solicitation for  commodities or services by a state agency.    e. "Specification" or  "requirement"  means  any  description  of  the  physical  or  functional characteristics or the nature of a commodity or  construction item, any description of the  work  to  be  performed,  the  service  or products to be provided, the necessary qualifications of the  offerer,the capacity and capability of the offerer to successfully carry  out the proposed contract, or the process for achieving specific results  and/or anticipated  outcomes  or  any  other  requirement  necessary  to  perform  the  work.  It  may  include  a  description  of any obligatory  testing, inspection or preparation for delivery and use, and may include  federally required provisions and conditions where the  eligibility  for  federal  funds  is  conditioned  upon  the  inclusion  of such federally  required provisions and conditions. Specifications shall be designed  to  enhance competition, ensuring the commodities or services of any offerer  are not given preference except where required by this article.    f.  "Procurement record" means documentation of the decisions made and  the approach taken in the procurement process.    g. "Sole source" means a procurement in  which  only  one  offerer  is  capable of supplying the required commodities or services.    h.  "Single  source" means a procurement in which although two or more  offerers  can  supply  the  required  commodities   or   services,   the  commissioner  or  state  agency, upon written findings setting forth the  material and substantial reasons  therefor,  may  award  a  contract  or  non-technical amendment to a contract to one offerer over the other. The  commissioner  or  state  agency shall document in the procurement record  the circumstances leading to the selection of the vendor, including  the  alternatives considered, the rationale for selecting the specific vendor  and the basis upon which it determined the cost was reasonable.    i.   "Lowest  price"  means  the  basis  for  awarding  contracts  for  commodities among responsive and responsible offerers.    j. "Best value" means the basis for awarding contracts for services to  the  offerer  which  optimizes  quality,  cost  and  efficiency,   among  responsive  and responsible offerers. Such basis shall reflect, wherever  possible, objective and quantifiable analysis.    2. Operating principles. The objective  of  state  procurement  is  to  facilitate each state agency's mission while protecting the interests of  the  state  and its taxpayers and promoting fairness in contracting with  the business community. The state's procurement process shall be  guided  by the following principles:    a.  To  promote  purchasing  from responsive and responsible offerers,  including small businesses.    b. To be based on clearly articulated procedures which require a clear  statement  of  product  specifications,  requirements  or  work  to   be  performed;  a  documentable  process  for  soliciting bids, proposals orother offers; a balanced and fair method, established in advance of  the  receipt  of  offers,  for  evaluating  offers  and  awarding  contracts;  contract terms and conditions that protect  the  state's  interests  and  promote  fairness  in  contracting  with  the  business community; and a  regular monitoring of vendor performance.    c. To encourage the  investment  of  the  private  and  not-for-profit  sectors  in  New  York state by making reasonable efforts to ensure that  offerers are apprised of procurement opportunities;  by  specifying  the  elements  of  a  responsive  bid and disclosing the process for awarding  contracts including,  if  applicable,  the  relative  importance  and/or  weight  of  cost  and  the  overall  technical  criterion for evaluating  offers; and by ensuring the procurement is conducted accordingly.    d. To ensure that contracts  are  awarded  consistent  with  the  best  interests of the state.    e.  To  ensure  that  officers  and employees of state entities do not  benefit financially or otherwise from the award of state contracts.    f. To ensure regular and critical review of the efficiency,  integrity  and effectiveness of the overall process.    3. General provisions for purchasing commodities.    a.   State   agency   procurement   practices  for  commodities  shall  incorporate the following:    (i) The purchase of commodities by state agencies including the office  of general services shall be conducted in a manner which  accords  first  priority  to preferred sources in accordance with the provisions of this  article, second priority to centralized  contracts,  third  priority  to  agency  or  multi-agency  established  contracts  and fourth priority to  other means of contracting.    (ii) Commodities contracts shall be awarded on  the  basis  of  lowest  price  to  a  responsive  and  responsible  offerer;  or, in the case of  multiple awards, in accordance with paragraph c of  subdivision  ten  of  this section.    (iii)  The  commissioner  shall be responsible for the standardization  and centralized purchase of commodities required by state agencies in  a  manner which maximizes the purchasing value of public funds.    (iv)  The  commissioner  is  authorized to permit any officer, body or  agency of the state or of a political subdivision or a district therein,  or fire company or volunteer ambulance service as such  are  defined  in  section  one  hundred of the general municipal law, to make purchases of  commodities  through  the  office  of  general   services'   centralized  contracts, pursuant to the provisions of section one hundred four of the  general  municipal  law.  The  commissioner  is authorized to permit any  county extension service association  as  authorized  under  subdivision  eight  of  section  two  hundred  twenty-four  of the county law, or any  association or other entity as  specified  in  and  in  accordance  with  section  one  hundred  nine-a of the general municipal law, or any other  association or entity as specified in state law, to  make  purchases  of  commodities   through   the  office  of  general  services'  centralized  contracts; provided, however, that such entity so empowered shall accept  sole responsibility for any payment due with respect to such purchase.    (v)  Consistent  with  guidelines  issued  by  the  state  procurement  council,  state agencies may competitively purchase commodities procured  in accordance with this article in lieu of using  centralized  contracts  when the resultant price is less than the centralized contract price.    (vi)  When  justified  by  price,  state  agencies,  and hospitals and  facilities managed and controlled by state agencies eligible pursuant to  section twenty-eight hundred three-a of the public health law, shall  be  eligible  to  make  purchases pursuant to guidelines issued by the stateprocurement council from a consortium or comparable entity  in  lieu  of  using centralized contracts for commodities.    (vii)  The commissioner is authorized to enter into contracts pursuant  to the provisions of section twenty-eight hundred three-a of the  public  health law.    (viii)  The  commissioner may permit and prescribe the conditions for,  (A)  any  association,  consortium  or  group  of  privately  owned   or  municipal,  federal  or  state  owned  or  operated  hospitals,  medical  schools,  other  health  related  facilities  or   voluntary   ambulance  services,   which   have   entered  into  a  contract  and  made  mutual  arrangements for the joint purchase of commodities pursuant  to  section  twenty-eight   hundred  three-a  of  the  public  health  law;  (B)  any  institution for the instruction of the deaf or of the  blind  listed  in  section  forty-two  hundred  one of the education law; (C) any qualified  non-profit-making agency for the blind approved by the  commissioner  of  social  services;  (D) any qualified charitable non-profit-making agency  for the severely disabled approved by the commissioner of education; (E)  any hospital or residential health care facility as defined  in  section  twenty-eight  hundred  one  of  the  public  health law; (F) any private  not-for-profit mental hygiene facility as defined in section 1.03 of the  mental hygiene law; and (G)  any  public  authority  or  public  benefit  corporation  of  the state, including the port authority of New York and  New  Jersey  and  the  interstate  environmental  commission,  to   make  purchases  using  centralized  contracts for commodities. Such qualified  non-profit-making agencies for the blind and severely disabled may  make  purchases  from  the  department  of correctional services' correctional  industries program subject to rules pursuant to the correction law.    b. The commissioner shall:    (i) determine, in cooperation with the state procurement  council  and  state  agencies,  the  identity,  form,  function  and  utility of those  commodities which shall be made  available  on  or  through  centralized  contracts.  Criteria  may  include,  but  need  not  be  limited to, the  availability of a volume discount, prior  use  of  the  commodity  among  state  agencies  and the relative cost of establishing the contract, its  anticipated  use  and  expected  actual  savings  for  the  state.   The  commissioner  may  also  act  as  a broker for state agencies to procure  commodities.    (ii) determine the number  and  scope  of  centralized  contracts  for  commodities  to  be  let  during  any  period,  including the letting of  multiple contracts to ensure the sufficient  variety  and  uninterrupted  availability of commodities for state agency use.    (iii)  maintain  lists  of firms which produce or manufacture or offer  for sale commodities in the form, function and utility required by state  agencies.  The  commissioner  shall  ensure  such  lists   are   updated  regularly. With the assistance of the department of economic development  and  other  state  agencies,  beginning on July first, two thousand one,  ensure the availability to all authorized purchasers  of  a  centralized  list  which  identifies  commodities  offered  by New York state's small  businesses and a  centralized  list  which  identifies  commodities  and  services  offered  by businesses certified pursuant to article fifteen-A  of the executive law. Such  lists  shall  be  updated  semiannually  and  designed  to  enable  effective identification of New York state's small  businesses and businesses certified pursuant to article fifteen-A of the  executive law.    (iv) ensure the specification of commodities for centralized contracts  reflect the form, function and utility required by  state  agencies  and  conform,  wherever possible, to industry standards. Where necessary, the  commissioner  may  develop  specifications  for  commodities.  When  nototherwise   forthcoming   from   a  particular  firm  or  industry,  the  commissioner may request information from businesses for the purpose  of  establishing  or  improving  a  specification.  The  office  of  general  services   may   assist   agencies   in  developing  specifications  for  agency-procured commodity contracts  when  industry  standards  are  not  available   or  appropriate.  In  all  cases,  specifications  shall  be  consistent with the requirements of state agencies.    (v) With the assistance of the department of economic development  and  other  state agencies, provide a training program once per year, in each  economic development region, as established in  article  eleven  of  the  economic development law, beginning January first, two thousand one, for  those   businesses  certified  pursuant  to  article  fifteen-A  of  the  executive law and those interested in becoming certified. Such  training  program  shall  provide  assistance  with  respect to participation as a  vendor in the procurement process, as established in this  article,  and  including  without  limitation  educating minority and women contractors  about surety bonding requirements on state  contracts,  and  identifying  resources  available  to  such contractors in obtaining their first bond  and in increasing their bonding capacity, including but not  limited  to  the federal small business administration bond guarantee program.    (vi) With the assistance of the department of economic development and  other  state  agencies, provide training once per year for staff of each  state agency's minority and women business development office, or if  an  agency  does  not  have such an office, then an agency's representative.  Such training program shall consist of a  meeting  with  such  agencies'  representatives to inform each agency of how to encourage procurement of  commodities  and  services from businesses certified pursuant to article  fifteen-A of the executive law.    (vii) maintain a list of contractors which produce or  manufacture  or  offer   for  sale  environmentally-sensitive  cleaning  and  maintenance  products in the form, function and utility generally used by  elementary  and  secondary  schools  in accordance with specifications or guidelines  promulgated pursuant to section four hundred  nine-i  of  the  education  law.    (viii)  review and consider prior to issuance of bid solicitations the  term of the proposed contract  based  on  factors,  including,  but  not  limited  to;  (A) the nature of the commodity, (B) the complexity of the  procurement,  (C)  the  identity  and  type  of  purchasers,   (D)   the  suitability of the contract for adding additional contractors during the  term,  and (E) the estimated contract value. This determination shall be  documented in the procurement record.    (ix) reasonably consider aggregate amount of public sales by potential  vendors.    (x) review and consider the feasibility of creating regional contracts  for commodities being procured by the state.    (xi) maintain a  procurement  record  for  each  centralized  contract  procurement  identifying,  with supporting documentation, decisions made  by the commissioner during  the  procurement  process.  The  procurement  record  shall  include,  but not be limited to, each contract amendment,  and the justification for each.    c. When commodities are  not  available  in  the  form,  function  and  utility   required  by  state  agencies  through  preferred  sources  or  centralized  contracts,  a  state  agency  may,  independently   or   in  conjunction with other state agencies, procure commodities in accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  section.  State  agencies  may maintain  listings  of  firms,  including  those  certified  pursuant  to  article  fifteen-A  of  the  executive  law,  or  may  use  the office of general  services' listing of firms and may request assistance from the office ofgeneral services. It shall be the responsibility of  state  agencies  to  periodically   advise   the   office   of   general  services  of  those  agency-procured commodities which, due to the frequency of  purchase  or  related factors, should be made available through centralized contracts.    d. The commissioner may make, or cause to be made by a duly authorized  representative,  any  investigation  which he or she may deem proper for  acquiring the necessary information from a state agency for the exercise  of his or her  powers  and  duties  under  this  subdivision.  For  such  purposes  the  commissioner  may  subpoena  and compel the attendance of  witnesses before him or her, or an authorized  representative,  and  may  compel  the  production  of  books,  papers,  records  or documents. The  commissioner or a duly  authorized  representative  may  take  and  hear  proofs and testimony and, for that purpose, the commissioner or the duly  authorized   representative  may  administer  oaths.  In  addition,  the  commissioner or the duly authorized representative:    (i) Shall have access at all reasonable  times  to  offices  of  state  agencies;    (ii)  May examine all books, papers, records and documents in any such  state  agency  as  pertain  directly  to  the   purchase,   control   or  distribution of commodities; and    (iii)  May  require any state agency to furnish such data, information  or statement as may be necessary.    4.  General  provisions  for   purchasing   services.   State   agency  procurement practices for services shall incorporate the following:    a.  The purchase of services by state agencies including the office of  general services shall be conducted in  a  manner  which  accords  first  priority  to preferred sources in accordance with the provisions of this  article when the services required are available in the  form,  function  and utility required by state agencies through a preferred source.    b.  (i)  Centralized  contracts  for  services  may be procured by the  office of general services at the request of state  agencies  and  state  agencies  may  when such centralized contracts are in the form, function  or  utility  required  by  said  agency,   purchase   from   established  centralized  contracts.  The state procurement council may, from time to  time,  require  that  state  agencies  procure  services  from   certain  centralized contracts.    (ii) The commissioner shall:    (A)  review  and  consider  prior to issuance of bid solicitations the  term of the proposed contract  based  on  factors,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  (a)  the  nature of the service, (b) the complexity of the  procurement,  (c)  the  identity  and  type  of  purchasers,   (d)   the  suitability of the contract for adding additional contractors during the  term,  and (e) the estimated contract value. This determination shall be  documented in the procurement record.    (B) reasonably consider  the  aggregate  amount  of  public  sales  by  potential vendors.    (C) review and consider the feasibility of creating regional contracts  for services being procured by the state.    (D)  maintain  a  procurement  record  for  each  centralized contract  procurement identifying with supporting documentation, decisions made by  the commissioner during the procurement process. The procurement records  shall include, but not be limited to, each contract amendment,  and  the  justification for each.    c.  When  services are not available from preferred sources consistent  with the provisions of this article in the  form,  function  or  utility  required   by  state  agencies,  state  agencies  may  procure  services  independently or in conjunction with other state agencies in  accordance  with the provisions of this section.d.  Service contracts shall be awarded on the basis of best value to a  responsive and responsible offerer; or, in the case of multiple  awards,  in accordance with paragraph c of subdivision ten of this section.    e.  Any  officer, body or agency of a political subdivision as defined  in section one hundred of  the  general  municipal  law  or  a  district  therein,  may  make  purchases of services through the office of general  services' centralized contracts for services, subject to the  provisions  of   section  one  hundred  four  of  the  general  municipal  law.  The  commissioner may permit and prescribe the conditions for the purchase of  services through the office of general services'  centralized  contracts  for  services  by  any public authority or public benefit corporation of  the state including the port authority of New York and New  Jersey.  The  commissioner  is  authorized  to  permit any public library, association  library, library  system,  cooperative  library  system,  the  New  York  Library  Association,  and  the  New  York  State Association of Library  Boards or any other library except  those  which  are  operated  by  for  profit  entities,  to  make  purchases of services through the office of  general services' centralized contracts; provided,  however,  that  such  entity so empowered shall accept sole responsibility for any payment due  with respect to such purchase.    g.  All  state  agencies  shall  require  all  contractors,  including  sub-contractors, that provide services for state purposes pursuant to  a  contract,  to  submit  an annual employment report for each contract for  services that includes for each employment category within the  contract  the number of employees employed to provide services under the contract,  the  number  of  hours  they work and their total compensation under the  contract. Employment reports shall  be  submitted  to  the  agency  that  awarded the contract, the department of civil service and the department  of  audit  and  control and shall be available for public inspection and  copying pursuant to section eighty-seven  of  the  public  officers  law  provided that in disclosing such reports pursuant to the public officers  law,  the  agency  making the disclosure shall redact the name or social  security number of any individual employee  that  is  included  in  such  document.    5.   Process  for  conducting  state  procurements.  The  process  for  conducting state procurements for services and commodities shall  be  as  follows:    a.  Determination  of  need.  State  agencies shall be responsible for  determining the need for a given service or commodity:    (i) For commodities, upon such determination of need,  state  agencies  shall ascertain whether the commodity is available in the form, function  and  utility  consistent  with their needs from preferred sources and if  so, shall purchase said commodity from a preferred source in  accordance  with the provisions of this article. If not so available, state agencies  shall determine whether the commodity is available in the form, function  and utility consistent with their needs on a centralized contract and if  so, except as provided in subparagraph (v) of paragraph a of subdivision  three   of  this  section,  shall  purchase  said  commodity  using  the  centralized contract. If a commodity  is  not  available  in  the  form,  function  and utility consistent with the needs of the state agency from  a preferred source or a centralized  contract  or  as  provided  for  in  subparagraph  (v)  of  paragraph a of subdivision three of this section,  the  state  agency  may  procure  the  commodity  independently  or   in  conjunction  with another state agency in accordance with paragraph c of  subdivision three of this section.    (ii) For services, upon such determination  of  need,  state  agencies  shall  ascertain  whether the service is available in the form, function  and utility consistent with their needs from preferred sources  and,  ifso,  shall  purchase  said  service  through  the  preferred  source  in  accordance with the provisions of this article.  If  not  so  available,  state agencies may:    (A)  Purchase the service if it is available in the form, function and  utility consistent with their needs  using  an  established  centralized  contract  procured  by  either the office of general services or another  state agency;    (B) Request that  the  office  of  general  services  procure  such  a  service,  particularly  with  respect  to  those services having utility  and/or benefit to more than one state agency; or    (C) Procure the service independently or in conjunction  with  another  state agency.    b. The state procurement council may, from time to time, require state  agencies to procure certain services from centralized contracts.    6. Discretionary buying thresholds. Pursuant to guidelines established  by the state procurement council: the commissioner may purchase services  and  commodities in an amount not exceeding eighty-five thousand dollars  without a  formal  competitive  process;  state  agencies  may  purchase  services  and  commodities  in  an  amount  not exceeding fifty thousand  dollars without a formal competitive process;  and  state  agencies  may  purchase  commodities  or services from small business concerns or those  certified pursuant  to  article  fifteen-A  of  the  executive  law,  or  commodities  or  technology  that  are recycled or remanufactured, in an  amount not exceeding two  hundred  thousand  dollars  without  a  formal  competitive process.    6-a.   Discretionary  purchases.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  subdivision two of section one hundred twelve of this  chapter  relating  to  the  dollar  threshold requiring the state comptroller's approval of  contracts, the commissioner of general services may  make  purchases  or  enter  into  contracts  for  the acquisition of commodities and services  having a value not exceeding eighty-five thousand dollars without  prior  approval  by  any  other  state  officer  or  agency  in accordance with  procedures and requirements set forth in this  article.  Notwithstanding  the  provisions  of  article four-C of the economic development law, the  commissioner of general  services  may  make  purchases  or  enter  into  contracts for the acquisition of commodities and services having a value  not  exceeding  thirty  thousand  dollars  without prior approval by any  other  state  officer  or  agency  in  accordance  with  procedures  and  requirements set forth in this article.    6-b. Determination of threshold amount. For determination of threshold  amount  purposes  of  determining  whether  a  purchase  is  within  the  discretionary thresholds established by subdivision six of this section,  the commissioner  and  state  agencies  shall  consider  the  reasonably  expected  aggregate  amount  of all purchases of the same commodities or  services to be made within the twelve-month  period  commencing  on  the  date  of  purchase.  Purchases  of  services or commodities shall not be  artificially divided for the purpose  of  satisfying  the  discretionary  buying  thresholds  established  by  subdivision  six of this section. A  change to or  a  renewal  of  a  discretionary  purchase  shall  not  be  permitted  if  the change or renewal would bring the reasonably expected  aggregate amount of all purchases of the same  commodities  or  services  from  the same provider within the twelve-month period commencing on the  date of the first purchase to an amount greater than  the  discretionary  buying threshold amount.    7.   Method  of  procurement.  Consistent  with  the  requirements  of  subdivisions three and four of this section, state agencies shall select  among permissible methods of procurement including, but not limited  to,  an  invitation  for  bid,  request  for  proposals  or  other  means  ofsolicitation pursuant to guidelines  issued  by  the  state  procurement  council.   State  agencies  may  accept  bids  electronically  including  submission of the statement of non-collusion  required  by  section  one  hundred  thirty-nine-d of this chapter and may, for technology contracts  and, in addition, for the period from July first, two thousand  ten,  to  July  first, two thousand twelve, fuels (home heating, diesel, gasoline,  natural gas),  road  salt,  recycled  paper,  tires,  telecommunications  equipment, industrial supplies (tools, equipment), bituminous materials,  drainage   and  culvert  pipe,  and  road  aggregate  (gravel),  require  electronic submission as the sole method for the submission of bids  for  the  solicitation,  provided  that  the agency has made a determination,  which shall be documented in the procurement record,  that  such  method  affords  a  fair and equal opportunity for offerers to submit responsive  offers. Except where otherwise provided by law,  procurements  shall  be  competitive,   and  state  agencies  shall  conduct  formal  competitive  procurements to the maximum extent  practicable.  State  agencies  shall  document the determination of the method of procurement and the basis of  award  in  the procurement record. Where the basis for award is the best  value offer, the state agency shall document, in the procurement  record  and  in  advance  of the initial receipt of offers, the determination of  the evaluation criteria, which whenever possible, shall be quantifiable,  and the process to be used in the determination of best  value  and  the  manner in which the evaluation process and selection shall be conducted.    7-a.   On   or   before  February  first,  two  thousand  twelve,  the  commissioner of the office of  general  services  shall  submit  to  the  speaker  of  the  assembly  and  the temporary president of the senate a  report describing:    (a) the number of  times  the  office  of  general  services  required  electronic  submission  as  the  sole  method  by  which  bids  could be  submitted for the period from  July  first,  two  thousand  ten  through  December thirty-first, two thousand eleven;    (b)  the  estimated  savings to the state as a result of the office of  general services requiring electronic submission as the sole  method  by  which  bids  could  be  submitted  in response to a solicitation and the  basis on which the estimate is made;    (c) to the extent practicable, the  size,  minority-  and  women-owned  business  enterprise  composition  and  geographic distribution of those  vendors that submitted bids in response to an office of general services  solicitation where electronic submission was the sole  method  by  which  bids could be submitted for the period from July first, two thousand ten  to December thirty-first, two thousand eleven; and    (d)  to  the  extent  practicable, the size, minority- and women-owned  business enterprise composition and  geographic  distribution  of  those  vendors that submitted bids in response to an office of general services  solicitation  for those contracts described in subdivision seven of this  section for the period from July first, two thousand eight through  June  thirtieth, two thousand ten.    8.  Public  notice.  All  procurements  by state agencies in excess of  fifteen thousand dollars shall be advertised in the state's  procurement  opportunities  newsletter  in  accordance  with  article  four-C  of the  economic development law.    9. Soliciting and accepting offers. For purchases from  sources  other  than  preferred sources and for purchases in excess of the discretionary  buying threshold established in subdivision six of this section:    a.  The  commissioner  or  a  state  agency  shall  select  a   formal  competitive   procurement   process   in   accordance   with  guidelines  established  by  the  state  procurement  council   and   document   its  determination  in the procurement record. The process shall include, butis not limited to, a clear statement  of  need;  a  description  of  the  required  specifications  governing  performance  and related factors; a  reasonable process for ensuring a competitive field; a  fair  and  equal  opportunity for offerers to submit responsive offers; and a balanced and  fair  method  of  award.    Where the basis for the award is best value,  documentation  in  the  procurement  record  shall,  where  practicable,  include  a  quantification  of  the  application  of the criteria to the  rating  of  proposals  and  the  evaluation  results,  or,   where   not  practicable, such other justification which demonstrates that best value  will be achieved.    b.  The  solicitation  shall  prescribe  the minimum specifications or  requirements that must be met in order to be considered  responsive  and  shall  describe  and disclose the general manner in which the evaluation  and selection shall be conducted. Where  appropriate,  the  solicitation  shall  identify  the  relative  importance and/or weight of cost and the  overall technical criterion to be considered by a state  agency  in  its  determination of best value.    c.  Where  provided  in  the  solicitation, state agencies may require  clarification  from  offerers  for   purposes   of   assuring   a   full  understanding  of responsiveness to the solicitation requirements. Where  provided for in the solicitation, revisions may be  permitted  from  all  offerers  determined  to  be  susceptible of being selected for contract  award, prior to  award.  Offerers  shall  be  accorded  fair  and  equal  treatment  with respect to their opportunity for discussion and revision  of offers. A state agency shall, upon request, provide a  debriefing  to  any  unsuccessful offerer that responded to a request for proposal or an  invitation for bids, regarding the reasons  that  the  proposal  or  bid  submitted by the unsuccessful offerer was not selected for an award. The  opportunity  for  an  unsuccessful offerer to seek a debriefing shall be  stated in the solicitation, which shall provide a  reasonable  time  for  requesting a debriefing.    d.  All  offers  may  be rejected. Where provided in the solicitation,  separable portions of offers may be rejected.    e. Every offer shall be firm and not revocable for a period  of  sixty  days from the bid opening, or such other period of time specified in the  solicitation  to  the  extent not inconsistent with section 2-205 of the  uniform commercial code. Subsequent to such sixty day or other specified  period, any offer is subject to withdrawal  communicated  in  a  writing  signed by the offeror.    f.  Prior to making an award of contract, each state agency shall make  a determination of responsibility of the proposed contractor which shall  supplement, as appropriate,  but  not  supersede  the  determination  of  responsibility  that  may  be  required  pursuant to section one hundred  thirty-nine-k of this chapter.    g. A procurement record  shall  be  maintained  for  each  procurement  identifying,  with  supporting  documentation,  decisions  made  by  the  commissioner  or  state  agency  during  the  procurement  process.  The  procurement  record  shall  include, but not be limited to each contract  amendment and the justification for each.    10. Letting of contracts. Contracts for commodities shall  be  awarded  on  the  basis  of lowest price to a responsive and responsible offerer.  Contracts for services shall be awarded on the basis of best value  from  a  responsive  and responsible offerer. Multiple awards for services and  commodities shall be conducted in accordance with paragraph  c  of  this  subdivision.    a.  Selection  and  award  shall  be  a  written  determination in the  procurement record made by the commissioner  or  a  state  agency  in  a  manner  consistent with the provisions of the solicitation. In the eventtwo offers are found to be substantially equivalent, price shall be  the  basis  for  determining  the  award  recipient  or, when price and other  factors are found to be substantially equivalent, the  determination  of  the  commissioner  or  agency head to award a contract to one or more of  such bidders shall be final. The basis for determining the  award  shall  be documented in the procurement record.    b. (i) Single or sole source procurements for services or commodities,  or procurements made to meet emergencies arising from unforeseen causes,  may  be made without a formal competitive process and shall only be made  under unusual circumstances and shall include  a  determination  by  the  commissioner or the state agency that the specifications or requirements  for said purchase have been designed in a fair and equitable manner. The  purchasing  agency  shall document in the procurement record, subject to  review by the state  comptroller,  the  bases  for  a  determination  to  purchase  from  a  single  source  or  sole source, or the nature of the  emergency giving rise to the procurement.    (ii)  State  agencies  shall  minimize  the  use  of   single   source  procurements and shall use single source procurements only when a formal  competitive  process  is  not feasible. State agencies shall document in  the  procurement  record  the  circumstances  and   the   material   and  substantial  reasons  why  a formal competitive process is not feasible.  The term of a single source procurement contract shall be limited to the  minimum period of time necessary to ameliorate the  circumstances  which  created  the  material  and  substantial  reasons  for the single source  award. Not later than  thirty  days  after  the  contract  award,  state  agencies  shall,  for  all  single  source  procurement  contracts, make  available for public inspection on the agency website, a summary of  the  circumstances  and  material  and  substantial reasons why a competitive  procurement is not  feasible.  Any  information  which  the  contracting  agency  is  otherwise  prohibited  by  law  from  disclosing pursuant to  sections eighty-seven and eighty-nine of the public officers law,  shall  be redacted from the documentation published on the agency website.    c.  The  commissioner or state agency may elect to award a contract to  one or more responsive and responsible offerers provided, however,  that  the  basis  for  the  selection  among multiple contracts at the time of  purchase shall be the most  practical  and  economical  alternative  and  shall  be  in the best interests of the state, and further provided that  the requirements set forth herein shall not  preclude  the  commissioner  from   establishing  multiple  award  contracts  for  reasons  including  increased opportunities for small businesses  to  participate  in  state  contracts.    d.  It  shall be in the discretion of the commissioner or state agency  to require a bond or other guarantee of performance, and to approve  the  amount, form and sufficiency thereof.    e. The commissioner may authorize purchases required by state agencies  or  other  authorized  purchasers  by  letting  a contract pursuant to a  written agreement, or by approving the use of  a  contract  let  by  any  department,  agency  or  instrumentality of the United States government  and/or  any  department,  agency,  office,  political   subdivision   or  instrumentality  of  any state or states. A state agency purchaser shall  document in the procurement record  its  rationale  for  the  use  of  a  contract  let by any department, agency or instrumentality of the United  States  government  or  any  department,   agency,   office,   political  subdivision  or  instrumentality  of  any  other  state  or states. Such  rationale shall include, but need not be limited to, a determination  of  need,  a  consideration  of the procurement method by which the contract  was awarded, an analysis of alternative procurement sources including an  explanation why a competitive procurement or the use  of  a  centralizedcontract  let  by  the  commissioner  is not in the best interest of the  state, and the reasonableness of cost.    f.  The  commissioner  is  authorized to let centralized contracts, in  accordance with the procedures of this section, for joint purchasing  by  New  York  state  and  any  department, agency or instrumentality of the  United States  government  and/or  any  state  including  the  political  subdivisions  thereof;  provided  however  that  any  entity incurring a  liability under such contract shall be responsible for discharging  said  liability.    11.  Reasonableness  of results. It shall be the responsibility of the  head of each state agency to periodically  sample  the  results  of  the  procurement  process  to  test  for  reasonableness;  to ensure that the  results withstand public scrutiny and that the quality and the price  of  the  purchase makes sense; and to ensure that purchasing is conducted in  a manner consistent with the best interests of the state.    12. Review by the office of  the  state  comptroller.  Review  by  the  office  of the state comptroller shall be in accordance with section one  hundred twelve of this chapter.    13. Technological  procurement  improvements.  The  state  procurement  council  may  request  that  the  office of general services provide, or  recommend to the state comptroller to provide  for  the  utilization  of  technological  advances  and  efficiencies  in  the  procurement process  including,  but  not  limited  to,  electronic  ordering  and   payment,  procurement cards and similar improvements.    14.  Reporting.  To  support prudent procurement management, oversight  and policy-making, the department of  audit  and  control  shall  report  annually on a fiscal year basis by July first of the ensuing year to the  state  procurement  council,  the  governor,  and the legislative fiscal  committees providing data concerning active procurement contracts  above  fifteen thousand dollars, including but not limited to:    (i)  a  listing  of  individual  and  centralized contracts, including  vendor name, comptroller approval dates, dollar value of such contracts,  the state agency which let the  contract  and/or  state  agencies  which  purchased  off  centralized  contracts,  expenditures  made on each such  contract and by which agencies during the fiscal year and life to  date,  citing  contract  category  codes,  source  selection  method, including  "lowest price", "best value", sole source, single source, negotiated and  emergency procurement subtotaled by agency and by type of  commodity  or  service;    (ii)  frequency of contracts awarded during this fiscal year by number  of bids/proposals and source selection method;    (iii) number of contracts disapproved by the department of  audit  and  control during the fiscal year and reasons for disapproval by agency and  by source selection method, number and outcome of bid protests; and    (iv)  a  summary  report  listing total number and amount of contracts  awarded for the prior fiscal year and  total  year-to-date  expenditures  for  all contracts, with subtotals by agency and major contract category  including, but not  limited  to,  consultant,  construction,  equipment,  grants,  leases, land claim, miscellaneous services, printing, repayment  agreements,  revenue  agreements,  intergovernmental   agreements,   and  commodities;  a comparison of centralized and agency contracts by number  of contracts, number of agencies purchasing off of centralized contracts  or  entering  into  contracts,   contract   amounts   and   year-to-date  expenditures;  comparison  of  contracts  by  source selection method by  number of contracts, contract amounts, and year-to-date expenditures.    (v) for each contract for services for state purposes: the  number  of  employees,  by  employment  category  within  the  contract, employed toprovide services under the contract, the number of hours they  work  and  their total compensation under the contract;    (vi)(a) state agencies shall report annually on a fiscal year basis by  July  first  of  the  ensuing year to the state procurement council, the  governor, the legislative fiscal committees and  the  state  comptroller  the  total  number  and  total  dollar  value of single source contracts  awarded by the agency during the fiscal year, and  the  percentage  that  such  contracts  represent of the agency's total number and total dollar  value of contract awards during the reporting period.    (b) each state agency shall include with its report an  assessment  by  the  agency head of the agency's efforts to minimize the award of single  source contracts;    (vii) all reports required under this paragraph shall be available for  public inspection and copying pursuant to section  eighty-seven  of  the  public officers law provided that in disclosing such reports pursuant to  the  public  officers law, the agency making the disclosure shall redact  the name or social security number of any individual  employee  that  is  included in such document.    * NB Repealed June 30, 2012