29-2264 Probation; completion; conviction may be set aside; conditions; retroactive effect.
29-2264. Probation; completion;conviction may be set aside; conditions; retroactive effect.(1) Whenever any person is placed on probation by a court and satisfactorilycompletes the conditions of his or her probation for the entire period oris discharged from probation prior to the termination of the period of probation,the sentencing court shall issue an order releasing the offender from probation.Such order in all felony cases shall provide notice that the person's votingrights are restored two years after completion of probation. The order shallinclude information on restoring other civil rights through the pardon process,including application to and hearing by the Board of Pardons.(2) Whenever any person is convicted of a misdemeanor or felonyand is placed on probation by the court or is sentenced to a fine only, heor she may, after satisfactory fulfillment of the conditions of probationfor the entire period or after discharge from probation prior to the terminationof the period of probation and after payment of any fine, petition the sentencingcourt to set aside the conviction.(3) In determining whether to set aside the conviction, thecourt shall consider:(a) The behavior of the offender after sentencing;(b) The likelihood that the offender will not engage in furthercriminal activity; and(c) Any other information the court considers relevant.(4) The court may grant the offender's petition and issuean order setting aside the conviction when in the opinion of the court theorder will be in the best interest of the offender and consistent with thepublic welfare. The order shall:(a) Nullify the conviction; and(b) Remove all civil disabilities and disqualifications imposedas a result of the conviction.(5) The setting aside of a conviction in accordance with theNebraska Probation Administration Act shall not:(a) Require the reinstatement of any office, employment, orposition which was previously held and lost or forfeited as a result of theconviction;(b) Preclude proof of a plea of guilty whenever such pleais relevant to the determination of an issue involving the rights or liabilitiesof someone other than the offender;(c) Preclude proof of the conviction as evidence of the commissionof the misdemeanor or felony whenever the fact of its commission is relevantfor the purpose of impeaching the offender as a witness, except that the ordersetting aside the conviction may be introduced in evidence;(d) Preclude use of the conviction for the purpose of determiningsentence on any subsequent conviction of a criminal offense;(e) Preclude the proof of the conviction as evidence of thecommission of the misdemeanor or felony in the event an offender is chargedwith a subsequent offense and the penalty provided by law is increased ifthe prior conviction is proved;(f) Preclude the proof of the conviction to determine whetheran offender is eligible to have a subsequent conviction set aside in accordancewith the Nebraska Probation Administration Act;(g) Preclude use of the conviction as evidence of commissionof the misdemeanor or felony for purposes of determining whether an applicationfiled or a license issued under sections 71-1901 to 71-1906.01 or the ChildCare Licensing Act or a certificate issued under sections 79-806 to 79-815should be denied, suspended, or revoked;(h) Preclude proof of the conviction as evidence wheneverthe fact of the conviction is relevant to a determination of the registration period under section 29-4005; or(i) Relieve a person who is convicted of an offense for whichregistration is required under the Sex Offender Registration Act of the dutyto register and to comply with the terms of the act.(6) Except as otherwise provided for the notice in subsection(1) of this section, changes made to this section by Laws 2005, LB 713, shallbe retroactive in application and shall apply to all persons, otherwise eligiblein accordance with the provisions of this section, whether convicted priorto, on, or subsequent to September 4, 2005. SourceLaws 1971, LB 680, § 19; Laws 1993, LB 564, § 1; Laws 1994, LB 677, § 1; Laws 1995, LB 401, § 1; Laws 1997, LB 310, § 1; Laws 1998, Spec. Sess., LB 1, § 3; Laws 2002, LB 1054, § 6; Laws 2003, LB 685, § 2; Laws 2004, LB 1005, § 3; Laws 2005, LB 53, § 3; Laws 2005, LB 713, § 3; Laws 2009, LB285, § 2. Cross ReferencesChild Care Licensing Act, see section 71-1908.Sex Offender Registration Act, see section 29-4001. Annotations1. Application2. Probation and civil disabilities3. Convictions set aside4. Miscellaneous1. ApplicationBeing placed on probation is not a prerequisite to the application of this section. State v. Wester, 269 Neb. 295, 691 N.W.2d 536 (2005).Subsection (2) of this section applies after (1) the satisfactory fulfillment of the conditions of probation for the entire period, (2) the discharge from probation prior to termination of the period of probation, or (3) after the payment of any fine if the defendant has been sentenced to a fine only. State v. Wester, 269 Neb. 295, 691 N.W.2d 536 (2005).2. Probation and civil disabilitiesWhile the Legislature is free to expand the statutory list of civil disabilities which are not restored by a judgment setting aside and nullifying a conviction pursuant to this section, such amendments cannot impair rights vested by judgments entered under prior versions of this section. McCray v. Nebraska State Patrol, 271 Neb. 1, 710 N.W.2d 300 (2006).The removal of civil disabilities operates prospectively from the date of the order setting aside a defendant's conviction. McCray v. Nebraska State Patrol, 270 Neb. 225, 701 N.W.2d 349 (2005).The provisions for discharge from probation and removal of civil disabilities and disqualifications do not apply to a jail sentence already served. State v. Adamson, 194 Neb. 592, 233 N.W.2d 925 (1975).The Nebraska court's expunction of the defendant's conviction for possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, after defendant had served approximately half of probation, did not expunge the record for purposes of federal statute relating to receipt of firearms in interstate commerce by persons previously convicted of a crime punishable by imprisonment exceeding one year. United States v. Germaine, 720 F.2d 998 (8th Cir. 1983).3. Convictions set asideAmendments to this section that allow a set-aside conviction to be used for purposes of determining risk under the Sex Offender Registration Act do not apply retroactively to a sex offender whose prior convictions for non-sex-offenses were set aside prior to the amendments, and thus, the offender's set-aside convictions could not be used for risk assessment under the act. Orders setting aside the offender's convictions vested him with the right to have the set-aside convictions used only for those purposes listed in this section at the time the orders were entered. McCray v. Nebraska State Patrol, 271 Neb. 1, 710 N.W.2d 300 (2006).An order setting aside a conviction is a final judgment which nullifies the conviction and removes all civil disabilities which were not exempted from restoration by this section as it existed on the date of the order. McCray v. Nebraska State Patrol, 271 Neb. 1, 710 N.W.2d 300 (2006).The fact that use of a conviction that has been set aside under this section is logically consistent with other uses enumerated in this section does not permit a court to read such language into this section. McCray v. Nebraska State Patrol, 271 Neb. 1, 710 N.W.2d 300 (2006).This section indicates that it is the province of the sentencing court to set aside a conviction and gives guidelines for determination of whether to set aside a conviction. State v. Wester, 269 Neb. 295, 691 N.W.2d 536 (2005).When the Legislature enacted the 1993 amendment to subsection (2) of this section, it intended to include those who had been fined only within the class of those who could have their convictions set aside. State v. Wester, 269 Neb. 295, 691 N.W.2d 536 (2005).4. MiscellaneousThis section is constitutional. It does not violate the separation of powers clause of the Nebraska Constitution, article II, section 1, as an infringement of the power expressly delegated to the Board of Pardons. State v. Spady, 264 Neb. 99, 645 N.W.2d 539 (2002).Where defendant admitted a felony conviction, his introduction of order terminating probation was permissible and did not open matter to further development. State v. Boss, 195 Neb. 467, 238 N.W.2d 639 (1976).