Sec. 42a-8-102. Definitions.
Sec. 42a-8-102. Definitions. (a) In this article:
(1) "Adverse claim" means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a financial asset and that it is a violation of the rights of the claimant for another person to hold,
transfer or deal with the financial asset.
(2) "Bearer form", as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which the
security is payable to the bearer of the security certificate according to its terms but not
by reason of an endorsement.
(3) "Broker" means a person defined as a broker or dealer under the federal securities
laws, but without excluding a bank acting in that capacity.
(4) "Certificated security" means a security that is represented by a certificate.
(5) "Clearing corporation" means:
(A) A person that is registered as a "clearing agency" under the federal securities
laws;
(B) A federal reserve bank; or
(C) Any other person that provides clearance or settlement services with respect to
financial assets that would require it to register as a clearing agency under the federal
securities laws but for an exclusion or exemption from the registration requirement, if
its activities as a clearing corporation, including promulgation of rules, are subject to
regulation by a federal or state governmental authority.
(6) "Communicate" means to:
(A) Send a signed writing; or
(B) Transmit information by any mechanism agreed upon by the persons transmitting and receiving the information.
(7) "Endorsement" means a signature that alone or accompanied by other words is
made on a security certificate in registered form or on a separate document for the
purpose of assigning, transferring or redeeming the security or granting a power to
assign, transfer or redeem it.
(8) "Entitlement holder" means a person identified in the records of a securities
intermediary as the person having a security entitlement against the securities intermediary. If a person acquires a security entitlement by virtue of subdivision (2) or (3) of
subsection (b) of section 42a-8-501, that person is the entitlement holder.
(9) "Entitlement order" means a notification communicated to a securities intermediary directing transfer or redemption of a financial asset to which the entitlement holder
has a security entitlement.
(10) "Financial asset", except as otherwise provided in section 42a-8-103, means:
(A) A security; (B) an obligation of a person or a share, participation or other interest
in a person or in property or an enterprise of a person, which is, or is of a type, dealt in
or traded on financial markets, or which is recognized in any area in which it is issued
or dealt in as a medium for investment; or (C) any property that is held by a securities
intermediary for another person in a securities account if the securities intermediary has
expressly agreed with the other person that the property is to be treated as a financial
asset under this article. As context requires, the term means either the interest itself
or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a certificated or
uncertificated security, a security certificate, or a security entitlement.
(11) "Instruction" means a notification communicated to the issuer of an uncertificated security which directs that the transfer of the security be registered or that the
security be redeemed.
(12) "Registered form", as applied to a certificated security, means a form in which:
(A) The security certificate specifies a person entitled to the security; and
(B) A transfer of the security may be registered upon books maintained for that
purpose by or on behalf of the issuer, or the security certificate so states.
(13) "Securities intermediary" means:
(A) A clearing corporation; or
(B) A person, including a bank or broker, that in the ordinary course of its business
maintains securities accounts for others and is acting in that capacity.
(14) "Security", except as otherwise provided in section 42a-8-103, means an obligation of an issuer or a share, participation, or other interest in an issuer or in property
or an enterprise of an issuer:
(A) Which is represented by a security certificate in bearer or registered form, or
the transfer of which may be registered upon books maintained for that purpose by or
on behalf of the issuer;
(B) Which is one of a class or series or by its terms is divisible into a class or series
of shares, participations, interests or obligations; and
(C) Which:
(i) Is, or is of a type, dealt in or traded on securities exchanges or securities markets; or
(ii) Is a medium for investment and by its terms expressly provides that it is a security
governed by this article.
(15) "Security certificate" means a certificate representing a security.
(16) "Security entitlement" means the rights and property interest of an entitlement
holder with respect to a financial asset specified in part 5.
(17) "Uncertificated security" means a security that is not represented by a certificate.
(b) Other definitions applying to this article and the sections in which they appear are:
"Appropriate person". Section 42a-8-107.
"Control". Section 42a-8-106.
"Delivery". Section 42a-8-301.
"Investment company security". Section 42a-8-103.
"Issuer". Section 42a-8-201.
"Overissue". Section 42a-8-210.
"Protected purchaser". Section 42a-8-303.
"Securities account". Section 42a-8-501.
(c) In addition, article 1 contains general definitions and principles of construction
and interpretation applicable throughout this article.
(d) The characterization of a person, business or transaction for purposes of this
article does not determine the characterization of the person, business or transaction for
purposes of any other law, regulation or rule.
(1959, P.A. 133, S. 8-102; 1963, P.A. 526, S. 14; 1972, P.A. 169, S. 1; P.A. 79-435, S. 1; P.A. 97-182, S. 2; P.A. 05-109, S. 37.)
History: 1963 act deleted former Subsec. (2) defining "proper form", renumbered former Subsec. (3) accordingly,
inserted new Subsecs. (3) and (4) defining "clearing corporation" and "custodian bank", likewise renumbering former
Subsecs. (4) to (6) accordingly; 1972 act redefined "clearing corporation" which formerly was considered "a corporation
all of the capital stock of which is held by or for a national securities exchange or association registered under a statute of the
United States such as the Securities Exchange Act of 1934"; P.A. 79-435 replaced definition of "security" with definitions
of "certificated security" and "uncertificated security" and reworded definition of "clearing corporation"; P.A. 97-182
substantially revised and restructured section by redefining or deleting definitions of existing terms and defining additional
terms; P.A. 05-109 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting definition of "good faith" and making technical changes to conform
to revisions made to article 1 by the same act.
Cited. 6 CA 530.