Sec. 19a-583. Limitations on disclosure of HIV-related information.
Sec. 19a-583. Limitations on disclosure of HIV-related information. (a) No
person who obtains confidential HIV-related information may disclose or be compelled
to disclose such information, except to the following:
(1) The protected individual, his legal guardian or a person authorized to consent
to health care for such individual;
(2) Any person who secures a release of confidential HIV-related information;
(3) A federal, state or local health officer when such disclosure is mandated or
authorized by federal or state law;
(4) A health care provider or health facility when knowledge of the HIV-related
information is necessary to provide appropriate care or treatment to the protected individual or a child of the individual or when confidential HIV-related information is already recorded in a medical chart or record and a health care provider has access to such
record for the purpose of providing medical care to the protected individual;
(5) A medical examiner to assist in determining the cause or circumstances of death;
(6) Health facility staff committees or accreditation or oversight review organizations which are conducting program monitoring, program evaluation or service reviews;
(7) A health care provider or other person in cases where such provider or person
in the course of his occupational duties has had a significant exposure to HIV infection,
provided the following criteria are met: (A) The worker is able to document significant
exposure during performance of his occupation, (B) the worker completes an incident
report within forty-eight hours of exposure, identifying the parties to the exposure, witnesses, time, place and nature of the event, (C) the worker submits to a baseline HIV
test within seventy-two hours of the exposure and is negative on that test for the presence
of the AIDS virus, (D) the patient's or person's physician or, if the patient or person
does not have a personal physician or if the patient's or person's physician is unavailable,
another physician or health care provider has approached the patient or person and
sought voluntary consent to disclosure and the patient or person refuses to consent to
disclosure, except in an exposure where the patient or person is deceased, (E) the worker
would be able to take meaningful immediate action as defined in regulations adopted
pursuant to section 19a-589 which could not otherwise be taken, (F) an exposure evaluation group determines that the criteria specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D) and
(E) of this subdivision are met and that a worker has a significant exposure to the blood
of a patient or person and the patient or person or the patient's or person's legal guardian
refuses to consent to release of the information. No member of the exposure evaluation
group who determines that a worker has sustained a significant exposure and authorizes
the disclosure of confidential HIV-related information nor the health facility, correctional facility or other institution nor any person in a health facility, correctional facility
or other institution who relies in good faith on the group's determination and discloses
the result shall have any liability as a result of his action carried out under this section,
unless such persons acted in bad faith. If the information is not held by a health facility,
correctional facility or other institution, a physician not directly involved in the exposure
has certified in writing that the criteria specified in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D) and
(E) of this subdivision are met and that a significant exposure has occurred;
(8) Employees of hospitals for mental illness operated by the Department of Mental
Health and Addiction Services if the infection control committee of the hospital determines that the behavior of the patient poses a significant risk of transmission to another
patient of the hospital. Disclosure shall only be allowed if it is likely to prevent or reduce
the risk of transmission and no reasonable alternatives exist that will achieve the same
goal and also preserve the confidentiality of the information. Such "reasonable alternatives" include counseling the patient concerning behaviors that pose a risk of transmission and other efforts to prevent or address the behaviors that pose a significant risk of
transmission without disclosing the patient's HIV status or other confidential HIV-related information. Disclosure shall be limited to as few employees as possible and
only to those employees with a direct need to receive the information to achieve the
purpose authorized by this subdivision;
(9) Employees of facilities operated by the Department of Correction to provide
services related to HIV infection or if the medical director and chief administrator of
the facility determine that the behavior of an inmate poses significant risk of transmission
to another inmate or has resulted in a significant exposure of another inmate of the
facility. Such a disclosure shall only be made if it is specifically required to enable the
inmate to receive such services or is likely to prevent or reduce the risk of transmission
and no reasonable alternatives exist that will achieve the same goal and also preserve
the confidentiality of the information. Such "reasonable alternatives" include counseling
the inmate concerning behaviors that pose a risk of transmission or other efforts to
prevent or address the behaviors that pose a significant risk of transmission without
disclosing the patient's HIV status or other confidential HIV-related information. Disclosure shall be limited to as few employees as possible and only to those employees
with a direct need to receive the information to achieve a purpose authorized by this
subdivision;
(10) Any person allowed access to such information by a court order which is issued
in compliance with the following provisions: (A) No court of this state shall issue such
order unless the court finds a clear and imminent danger to the public health or the health
of a person and that the person has demonstrated a compelling need for the test results
which cannot be accommodated by other means. In assessing compelling need, the court
shall weigh the need for disclosure against the privacy interest of the test subject and
the public interest which may be disserved by disclosure which deters future testing or
which may lead to discrimination. (B) Pleadings pertaining to disclosure of confidential
HIV-related information shall substitute a pseudonym for the true name of the subject
of the test. The disclosure to the parties of the subject's true name shall be communicated
confidentially, in documents not filed with the court. (C) Before granting any such order,
the court shall provide the individual whose test result is in question with notice and a
reasonable opportunity to participate in the proceedings if he is not already a party. (D)
Court proceedings as to disclosure of confidential HIV-related information shall be
conducted in camera unless the subject of the test agrees to a hearing in open court or
unless the court determines that a public hearing is necessary to the public interest and
the proper administration of justice. (E) Upon the issuance of an order to disclose test
results, the court shall impose appropriate safeguards against unauthorized disclosure,
which shall specify the persons who may have access to the information, the purposes for
which the information shall be used, and appropriate prohibitions on future disclosure;
(11) Life and health insurers, government payers and health care centers and their
affiliates, reinsurers, and contractors, except agents and brokers, in connection with
underwriting and claim activity for life, health, and disability benefits;
(12) Any health care provider specifically designated by the protected individual
to receive such information received by a life or health insurer or health care center
pursuant to an application for life, health or disability insurance; and
(13) A procurement organization, for the purposes of assessing donor suitability
pursuant to section 19a-279j.
(b) No person, except the protected individual, his legal guardian or a person authorized to consent to health care for such individual, to whom confidential HIV-related
information is disclosed may further disclose such information, except as provided in
this section and sections 19a-584 and 19a-585.
(P.A. 89-246, S. 3; P.A. 93-291, S. 4; P.A. 95-257, S. 11, 58; P.A. 04-122, S. 7.)
History: P.A. 93-291 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to permit disclosure of information to a person authorized to consent to
health care for an individual and (a)(7) to allow another physician, if the person has no personal physician or if the personal
physician is unavailable, to seek voluntary consent to disclosure, and amended Subsec. (b) to add a person authorized to
consent to health care to persons who may further disclose and made technical changes; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner
and Department of Mental Health with Commissioner and Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, effective
July 1, 1995; P.A. 04-122 added Subsec. (a)(13) re disclosure to procurement organization.
Cited. 236 C. 845. Sec. 19a-583 (a)(1)-(12) cited. Id. Cited. 238 C. 692.
Cited. 38 CA 360. Trial court's order permitting the defendant pharmacy to redact information relating to a person's
physical or medical condition adequately protected statutorily mandated confidentiality of AIDS and HIV positive patients.
53 CA 129.