31800-31817
GOVERNMENT CODE
SECTION 31800-31817
31800. The provisions of this article shall be applicable to any member who is subject to the federal old age and survivors insurance provisions of the Social Security Act, when the governing board of the county or district in which the member is employed adopts by majority vote a resolution providing that this article shall be applicable to all members in such county or district who are subject to the federal system. The provisions of this article shall become fully effective and operative on the date specified in such resolution; provided, however, such resolution shall have received prior approval by majority affirmative vote of eligible members employed by the county or district in a referendum conducted in accordance with the provisions of Article 2, Chapter 2, Part 4, Division 5, of Title 2 of this code. Nothing in this article shall be construed as negating or in any way affecting the validity of a referendum vote conducted prior to the enactment of this article, whereby a majority of members employed by a county or district voted in favor of federal old age and survivors insurance coverage on a purely additive or supplemental basis. 31800.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the board of supervisors in a county of the 10th class as described by Section 28031 may adopt, by majority vote, a resolution providing that: (a) Any general member employed by the county or any district included within the membership of the county retirement association shall have the option, at any time prior to retirement, of having his retirement allowance for service rendered after the date of his exercising this option calculated to equal the following: (1) The fraction of one-ninetieth of the first one thousand fifty dollars ($1,050) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1 in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-sixtieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1 in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. The retirement allowance payable for service rendered prior to the date of the member's election shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31676.1. The retirement allowance payable for service performed after the effective date of the member's election shall equal the total of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subdivision. Any member who elects to have his retirement allowance so calculated shall have the definition of "final compensation" in Section 31462 or Section 31462.2, whichever is applicable, applied at the date of retirement regardless of previous service under the provisions of Section 31462.1. (b) Any safety member employed by the county or any district included within the membership of the county retirement association shall have the option, at any time prior to retirement, of having his retirement allowance for service rendered after the date of his exercising this option calculated to equal the following: (1) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first one thousand fifty dollars ($1,050) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. The retirement allowance payable for service rendered prior to the date of the safety member's election shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. The retirement allowance payable for service performed after the effective date of the safety member's election shall equal the total of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subdivision. Any safety member who elects to have his retirement allowance so calculated shall have the definition of "final compensation" in Section 31462 or Section 31462.2, whichever is applicable, applied at the date of retirement regardless of previous service under the provisions of Section 31462.1. (c) Before permitting a member to exercise the option authorized by this section, the board of supervisors shall provide that member with a written explanation of the effect on the member's retirement benefits and contributions of exercising that option. No member may rescind his action after exercising the option authorized in this section. (d) Any member who elects deferred retirement after becoming subject to the provisions of this section shall receive a retirement allowance determined in accordance with subdivision (a) or subdivision (b) of this section. (e) Any member who exercises the option authorized in this section shall continue to contribute as provided for in Article 6 (commencing with Section 31620) or Article 6.8 (commencing with Section 31639), of this chapter, whichever is applicable, a lesser amount as determined by an actuary. (f) Any member who exercises the option authorized in this section and who is also eligible and elects or has elected to receive credit in the retirement system for public service as provided in Section 31641.1 shall have the retirement allowance for such public service calculated as if he had not exercised the option authorized in this section. (g) Any member who exercises the option authorized in this section and who is also eligible and elects to receive the benefits of Section 31641.5, 31652, or 31831.1 shall have the retirement allowance for that service calculated in accordance with subdivisions (a) or (b) of this section. For the purposes of this section, all contributions, liabilities, actuarial interest rates, and other valuation factors shall be determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and methods which, in the aggregate, are reasonable and which, in combination, offer the actuary's best estimate of anticipated experience under the system. Any additional employer contributions required under this section shall be computed as a level percentage of member compensation. The additional contribution rate required at the time this section is adopted shall not be less than the sum of (1) the actuarial normal cost, plus (2) the additional contribution required to amortize the increase in accrued liability attributable to benefits elected under this section over a period of not more than 30 years from the date this section becomes effective in the public agency's contract. 31800.5. Whenever pursuant to the provisions of this article federal old age and survivors insurance provisions of the Social Security Act have been integrated as to members employed by a county or district, the relationship may be converted to a supplementation system under which the social security benefits shall be in addition to unintegrated retirement benefits. The conversion shall take place when the governing body of the county or district adopts by majority vote, a resolution providing that the conversion shall take place; provided, however, the resolution shall have received prior approval by majority affirmative vote of eligible members employed by the county or district in a referendum conducted in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 (commencing with Section 22300), Chapter 2, Part 4, Division 5 of Title 2 of this code. The conversion shall take place and become fully effective and operative on the date specified in the resolution. In the event that the employees of the county or district are divided into more than one coverage group for purposes of the Social Security Act, the conversion may be with respect to all coverage groups or one or more coverage groups as the governing board may determine in the resolution. 31801. It is the intent of the Legislature that the enactment of this article shall authorize persons in positions covered by a retirement system pursuant to this chapter to participate in the federal old age and survivors insurance provisions of the Social Security Act without jeopardizing the continued maintenance of their local system. To this end and notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, the provisions of this article, when made applicable by resolution of the governing board, shall supersede or modify any inconsistent provision in this chapter in its application to every member whose position is included in an agreement between the state and federal government for coverage under the old age and survivors insurance provisions of the Social Security Act. The provisions of this chapter are not repealed by this article, however, and except as superseded or modified by this article in their application to members who are covered by old age and survivors insurance, they shall continue to be fully effective and operative. Nothing in this article shall authorize the extension of the federal system to service in any policeman's or fireman's position covered by a separate retirement system unless all of the policemen or firemen are included as a unit without any division of their separate retirement system. When federal benefits are to be extended to any fireman's or policeman's position pursuant to this part they shall vote separately from other members of such system in all cases without regard to their classification as miscellaneous members or otherwise, and notwithstanding Section 22009.1, such system shall constitute a separate retirement system with respect to the positions of policemen or firemen, or both, covered by the system. 31802. "Federal agency" means the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, or the predecessor or successor in functions to such officer. 31803. "Federal system" means the old age and survivors insurance provisions of the Social Security Act. 31804. Whenever reference is made to any federal law or regulation or part thereof, the reference applies to all amendments and additions now or hereafter made to such law. 31805.1. Effective with the approval of this section the service retirement allowances of those heretofore retired shall be recalculated as though Section 31805 had not been enacted. 31806. The provisions of this chapter requiring retirement at age 65 or 70, whichever applies, shall not be applicable to any person who is a member on the effective date of this article when the application of such provision would preclude the member from qualifying for federal benefits, but such member shall be retired forthwith, as provided in Section 31671 or Section 31671.01, upon qualifying for such federal benefits. 31807. The retirement allowance payable under Section 31808, Section 31808.1 or Section 31809 of this code, whichever is applicable, to a person who was a member on the effective date of this article in any county pursuant to this article if not fully insured for old age payments under the federal system at time of retirement shall be not less than that amount for which he would have been eligible if this article were not applicable to the member. The retirement allowance payable under Section 31808, Section 31808.1 or Section 31809 of this code, whichever is applicable, to a person who was a member on the effective date of this article in any county pursuant to this article if fully insured for old age payments under the federal system at time of retirement shall not be less than an amount which, when added to the primary insurance amount payable to him under the federal system at time of retirement will equal the allowance which would otherwise be payable to the member under the provisions of this chapter if this article were not applicable to the member. If the member retires for service prior to retirement age under the federal system and the amount available to him under the provisions of Section 31810 is less than the allowance which would otherwise be payable to the member under the provisions of this chapter if this article were not applicable to the member then the allowance shall be increased to an amount not less than that which would otherwise be payable. 31808. (a) In any county or district subject to the provisions of Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, the retirement allowance payable for retirement service rendered prior to the effective date of the resolution mentioned in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, whichever is applicable. Except as provided in subdivision (b), the retirement allowance with respect to service performed after May 31, 1957, shall equal the total of the following: (1) The fraction of one-ninetieth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, whichever is applicable, in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-sixtieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, whichever is applicable, in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. (b) With respect to persons who become members of a county retirement system after the effective date of the amendments to this section enacted at the 1979-80 Regular Session, the retirement allowance shall equal the following: (1) The fraction of one-ninetieth of the first one thousand fifty dollars ($1,050) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, whichever is applicable, in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-sixtieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.1, 31676.11, 31676.13, or 31676.14, whichever is applicable, in the column applicable to the member's age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. This subdivision may be made applicable in any county of over six million population on the first day of the month after the board of supervisors of such county adopts by majority vote a resolution providing that this subdivision shall become applicable in such county. 31808.1. In any county or district subject to the provisions of Section 31676. 1, and to which the provisions of Section 31470.6 are applicable, the retirement allowance for any member whose principal duties consist of active law enforcement as defined in Section 31470.6, and Section 31469.3 and those made eligible to safety membership by Section 31469.4 of the Government Code for service rendered prior to the effective date of the resolution provided in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. The retirement allowance of any such member with respect to service performed after the effective date of the resolution shall equal the total of the following: (a) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (b) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. 31808.2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 31808 and 31808.1, the retirement allowance with respect to service performed after the effective date of this article for allowances subject to Section 31808 and after the effective date of the resolution described in Section 31808.1 shall be computed on the basis of Section 31676.1 for the service, not subject to benefits under the federal system, between the effective date of this article or resolution, as such dates are set forth in Sections 31808 and 31808.1 and the date of return to active membership of members who separated from employment in any county subsequent to the aforesaid dates and who returned to the service of the same county. 31808.5. In any county which has safety members as defined in Sections 31470.2 and 31470.4 subject, prior to January 1, 1962, to the provisions of this article, the board of supervisors may adopt the provisions of this section. The retirement allowance for any safety member subject to this article for service rendered prior to the date of adoption of this article by a county board of supervisors shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. The retirement allowance of any such member, subject to this article, with respect to service performed after the effective date of adoption by the county of this article shall equal the total of the following: (a) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table provided for in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (b) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. The retirement allowance for any safety member who is not subject to this article shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. Any member who becomes a safety member after the adoption date of this section shall be subject to the provisions of this article. This section shall not apply to any safety member who is a member on date of adoption of this section unless within 60 days thereafter he files with the board a signed written statement expressing his desire to have the section apply to him. Any member subject to the provisions of this section may elect deferred retirement pursuant to Article 9 (commencing with Section 31700) of this chapter. 31808.6. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in any county or district first subject to the provisions of Section 31676.1 or 31695.1 on or after July 1, 1969, having members performing the duties of safety members as defined in Sections 31470.2 and 31470.4, if the board of supervisors adopts this section and as to those members adopts or has already adopted the provisions of this article, then the retirement allowance of those safety members shall be computed according to the applicable provisions of this subdivision, as selected by the board of supervisors. (1) The retirement allowance shall be computed according to the provisions of Section 31664 or 31664.1, and federal old age and survivors' insurance coverage shall be on an additive or supplemental basis. (2) If Section 31664 applies, the retirement allowance shall equal the total of both of the following: (A) The retirement allowance for service rendered prior to the effective date of the resolution specified in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. (B) The retirement allowance for service performed after the effective date of the resolution shall equal the total of both of the following: (i) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided in that section. (ii) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664 in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. (3) If Section 31664.1 applies, the retirement allowance shall equal the total of both of the following: (A) The retirement allowance for service rendered prior to the effective date of the resolution specified in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664.1. (B) The retirement allowance for service rendered after the effective date of the resolutions shall equal the total of both of the following: (i) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664.1 in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided in that section. (ii) Three percent of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31664.1 in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in counties which have adopted the provisions of this section and have voted to apply the provisions of this chapter relating to safety members as provided by Section 31695.1, the retirement benefits as well as the contributions of eligible members subject to this article who do not elect pursuant to Section 31695.2 to come under the safety member provisions of this chapter, shall be the same as the retirement benefits and contributions of members other than safety members in the county. (c) The retirement allowance for any safety member who is not subject to this article shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31664. (d) Any member who becomes a safety member after the effective date of the selection of the method of computing the retirement allowance by the board of supervisors shall be subject to that selection and to the provisions of this article. (e) Any member subject to the selection described in subdivision (d) made by the board of supervisors may elect deferred retirement pursuant to Article 9 (commencing with Section 31700). 31808.7. In any county or district, subject to Section 31676.12, which adopts or has already adopted the provisions of this article, the retirement allowance of members subject to Section 31676.12 shall be computed according to either the provisions of subdivision (a) or subdivision (b) of this section as selected by the board of supervisors. (a) The retirement allowance for service rendered prior to the effective date of this article as specified in the resolution mentioned in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31676.12. The retirement allowance of any member with respect to service performed after the effective date of this article as specified in the resolution mentioned in Section 31800 shall equal the total of the following: (1) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.12 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.12 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service, or (b) The retirement allowance shall be computed according to the provisions of Section 31676.12 and federal old age and survivors' insurance coverage shall be on an additive or supplemental basis. 31808.8. The board of supervisors of a county of the third class may, by majority vote, adopt a resolution providing either or both of the following: (a) That subdivision (b) of Section 31808 is applicable to persons who become members of the county retirement system after the effective date designated in the resolution and that persons who were subject to subdivision (a) of Section 31808 prior to that date may elect to have their retirement allowance for services rendered after that date computed in accordance with subdivision (b) of Section 31808. (b) That an employee who is subject to subdivision (a) of Section 31808.7 may elect to have his retirement allowance computed, with respect to service rendered after the effective date designated in the resolution, in accordance with the following: (1) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first one thousand fifty dollars ($1,050) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.12 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.12 in the column applicable to his age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. 31808.9. In any county or district, subject to Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19, that adopts or has already adopted the provisions of this article, the retirement allowance of members subject to Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19 shall be computed according to either the provisions of subdivision (a) or subdivision (b) of this section as selected by the board of supervisors. (a) The retirement allowance for service rendered prior to the effective date of this article as specified in the resolution mentioned in Section 31800 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions of Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19, as applicable. The retirement allowance of any member with respect to service performed after the effective date of this article as specified in the resolution mentioned in Section 31800 shall equal the total of the following: (1) The fraction of one seventy-fifth of the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19, as applicable, in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service as provided therein. (2) The fraction of one-fiftieth of any remaining portion of the member's final compensation set forth in the table appearing in Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19, as applicable, in the column applicable to his or her age at retirement taken to the preceding completed quarter year multiplied by the number of years of creditable service. (b) The retirement allowance shall be computed according to the provisions of Section 31676.17, 31676.18, or 31676.19, as applicable, and federal old age and survivors' insurance coverage shall be on an additive or supplemental basis. 31810. A member who retires for service prior to the age of becoming eligible for retirement payments under the federal system and who at the time of retiring is fully insured under the federal system, may, with the approval of the Retirement Board, elect to have his retirement allowance increased prior to such eligible age and reduced after such age by amounts which have equivalent actuarial values. This modification is for the purpose of co-ordinating a member's retirement allowance with benefits receivable from the federal system. 31811. If a member who has elected the option provided in Section 31810 dies leaving a beneficiary entitled to an allowance based upon the allowance of the member, the beneficiary's allowance shall be based upon the allowance the member would have received had he not elected the option. 31812. (a) Each member shall continue to contribute as provided for in Article 6 (commencing with Section 31620) or (in case of those members defined in Sections 31470.2, 31470.4 and 31470.6) Article 6.8 (commencing with Section 31639) of this chapter less an amount equal to one-third of that portion of such contribution which is payable with respect to the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly wage, or in counties where the board of supervisors pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 31808.6 elects to compute the retirement allowance of safety members according to the provisions of Section 31664, each safety member shall make contributions as provided for in Article 6.8 of this chapter with respect to all of his monthly wage. (b) With respect to persons who become members of a county retirement system after the effective date of the amendments to this section enacted at the 1979-80 Regular Session, each member shall contribute as provided for in Article 6 (commencing with Section 31620) or (in case of those members defined in Sections 31470.2, 31470.4 and 31470.6) Article 6.8 (commencing with Section 31639) of this chapter less an amount equal to one-third of that portion of such contribution which is payable with respect to the first one thousand fifty dollars ($1,050) monthly wage, or in counties where the board of supervisors pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 31808.6 elects to compute the retirement allowance of safety members according to the provisions of Section 31664, each safety member shall make contributions as provided for in Article 6.8 of this chapter with respect to all of his monthly wage. This subdivision may be made applicable in any county of over six million population on the first day of the month after the board of supervisors of such county adopts by majority vote a resolution providing that this subdivision shall become applicable in such county. 31812.1. Each member subject to Section 31676.12 and subdivision (a) of Section 31808.7 shall continue to contribute as provided for in Article 6 (commencing with Section 31620) less an amount equal to one-third of that portion of such contribution which is payable with respect to the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly wage, or in counties where the board of supervisors pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 31808.7 elects to have the retirement allowance of members computed according to the provisions of Section 31676.12, each member shall make contributions as provided for in Section 31621.2 with respect to all his monthly wage. 31813. If this article is effective simultaneously with the effective date of coverage of members under the federal system, the employee and employer federal contributions required with respect to salaries and wages paid for services rendered after the effective date of coverage of such member under the federal system and prior to the time that federal contributions are first deducted from the salaries and wages of such members shall be paid (1) the employee contribution by the county from the member's accumulated contributions to the extent that such retroactive costs do not exceed one-third of that portion of the member's contributions under this chapter which is payable with respect to the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly wage for such retroactive period (2) the employer contributions from contributions made by the county or district during such retroactive period. If the member's federal contributions payable for such period is greater than the accumulated contributions resulting from one-third of that portion of the member's contributions under this chapter during such period, which is payable with respect to the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly wage, the difference shall be paid by the member to the county or district in such manner as may be determined by the Retirement Board. If the federal contributions payable by the member for such period is less than the accumulated contributions resulting from one-third of that portion of the member's contributions which are payable with respect to the first three hundred fifty dollars ($350) monthly wage, pursuant to the provisions of this chapter for such period, the county or district shall refund the amount of such excess to the member. All refunds made under this section prior to the effective date of the amendments to this section enacted at the 1959 Regular Session of the Legislature are hereby validated and confirmed. 31814. If this article is effective subsequent to the effective date of the coverage of members under the federal system the employees' federal contributions required of members with respect to salary and wages paid for service rendered after the effective date of coverage of such member under the federal system and prior to the time that federal contributions are first deducted from the salary or wage of such members, shall be paid to the county or district by the member in such manner as may be determined by the Retirement Board. 31815. Any member who elects deferred retirement after becoming subject to the provision of this article shall receive a retirement allowance determined in accordance with Section 31808, 31808.1, 31808.6, or 31809, whichever is applicable. 31816. In the event that any member who is required to or who had the right to elect to redeposit accumulated contributions previously withdrawn, elects so to do, the amount of such redeposit shall be the amount of his previously withdrawn contributions adjusted in accordance with the provisions of Section 31813. 31816.1. If, after the adoption of this article by a county, a member is permitted by other sections of this act to obtain credit for service by making contributions into this system for previous service, that part of such contributions applicable to the period of time after the adoption of this article by the county shall be modified in accordance with Section 31812. 31817. This article shall not be applicable to any member subject to Section 31751 except with respect to the member's service prior to the date such section was made applicable to the member.