Cartel
1) An arrangement among supposedly independent corporations or national
monopolies in the same industrial or resource development field organized to
control distribution, set prices, reduce competition, and sometimes share
technical expertise. Often the participants are multinational corporations which
operate across numerous borders and have little or no loyalty to any home
country, and great loyalty to profits.
Case
Short for a cause of action, lawsuit, or the right to sue. It is also shorthand
for the reported decisions which can be cited as precedents.
Case Law
Reported decisions of appeals courts and other courts which make new
interpretations of the law and, therefore, can be cited as precedents. These
interpretations are distinguished from "statutory law," which is the statutes
and codes (laws) enacted by legislative bodies.
Case Of First Impression
A case in which a question of interpretation of law is presented which has never
arisen before in any reported case. Sometimes, it is only of first impression in
the particular state or jurisdiction.
Case System
The method of studying law generally used in American law schools, in which
students read, outline, discuss and hear lectures about the cases. Each case
presented stands for a particular rule of law in the subject matter covered and
is contained in "casebooks" on particular topics.
Cause Of Action
The basis of a lawsuit founded on legal grounds and alleged facts which, if
proved, would constitute all the "elements" required by statute.
Caveat
From Latin caveat for "let him beware." 1) A warning or caution. 2) A popular
term used by lawyers to point out that there may be a hidden problem or defect.
Caveat Emptor
Latin for "let the buyer beware." The basic premise that the buyer buys at
his/her own risk and therefore should examine and test a product himself/herself
for obvious defects and imperfections.
Cease And Desist Order
An order of a court or government agency to a person, business or organization
to stop doing something upon a strong showing that the activity is harmful
and/or contrary to law.
Censure
1) to provide judgment 2) placing blame or condemnation