1003.100—Basis and purpose.
(a)
Basis. This part implements sections 1128(c), 1128A, 1140, 1860D-31(i)(3), 1876(i)(6), 1877(g), 1882(d) and 1903(m)(5) of the Social Security Act; sections 421(c) and 427(b)(2) of Pub. L. 99-660; and section 201(i) of Pub. L. 107-188 (42 U.S.C. 1320-7(c), 1320a-7a, 1320b-10, 1395w-141(i)(3), 1395dd(d)(1), 1395mm, 1395ss(d), 1396b(m), 11131(c), 11137(b)(2) and 262 ).
(1)
Provides for the imposition of civil money penalties and, as applicable, assessments against persons who—
(ii)
Seek payment in violation of the terms of an agreement or a limitation on charges or payments under the Medicare program, or a requirement not to charge in excess of the amount permitted under the Medicaid program;
(iii)
Give false or misleading information that might affect the decision to discharge a Medicare patient from the hospital;
(iv)
(A)
Fail to report information concerning medical malpractice payments or who improperly disclose, use or permit access to information reported under part B of title IV of Public Law 99-660, and regulations specified in 45 CFR part 60, or
(B)
Are health plans and fail to report information concerning sanctions or other adverse actions imposed on providers as required to be reported to the Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank (HIPDB) in accordance with section 1128E of the Act;
(v)
Misuse certain Departmental and Medicare and Medicaid program words, letters symbols or emblems;
(vii)
Substantially fail to provide an enrollee with required medically necessary items and services; engage in certain marketing, enrollment, reporting, claims payment, employment or contracting abuses; or do not meet the requirements for physician incentive plans for Medicare specified in §§ 417.479(d) through (f) of this title;
(viii)
Present or cause to be presented a bill or claim for designated health services (as defined in § 411.351 of this title) that they know, or should know, were furnished in accordance with a referral prohibited under § 411.353 of this title ;
(ix)
Have collected amounts that they know or should know were billed in violation of § 411.353 of this title and have not refunded the amounts collected on a timely basis;
(x)
Are physicians or entities that enter into an arrangement or scheme that they know or should know has as a principal purpose the assuring of referrals by the physician to a particular entity which, if made directly, would violate the provisions of § 411.353 of this title ;
(xi)
Are excluded, and who retain an ownership or control interest of five percent or more in an entity participating in Medicare or a State health care program, or who are officers or managing employees of such an entity (as defined in section 1126(b) of the Act);
(xii)
Offer inducements that they know or should know are likely to influence Medicare or State health care program beneficiaries to order or receive particular items or services;
(xiii)
Are physicians who knowingly misrepresent that a Medicare beneficiary requires home health services;
(xiv)
Have submitted, or caused to be submitted, certain prohibited claims, including claims for services rendered by excluded individuals employed by or otherwise under contract with such person, under one or more Federal health care programs;
(xv)
Violate the Federal health care programs' anti-kickback statute as set forth in section 1128B of the Act;
(xvi)
Violate the provisions of part 73 of this title, implementing section 351A(b) and (c) of the Public Health Service Act, with respect to the possession and use within the United States, receipt from outside the United States, and transfer within the United States, of select agents and toxins in use, or transfer of listed biological agents and toxins; or
(xvii)
Violate the provisions of part 403, subpart H of this title, implementing the Medicare prescription drug discount card and transitional assistance program, by misleading or defrauding program beneficiaries, by overcharging a discount program enrollee, or by misusing transitional assistance funds.
(2)
Provides for the exclusion of persons from the Medicare or State health care programs against whom a civil money penalty or assessment has been imposed, and the basis for reinstatement of persons who have been excluded; and
[65 FR 24414, Apr. 26, 2000, as amended at 67 FR 11935, Mar. 18, 2002; 67 FR 76905, Dec. 13, 2002; 69 FR 28845, May 19, 2004]
For purposes of this part:
Act means the Social Security Act.
Adverse effect means medical care has not been provided and the failure to provide such necessary medical care has presented an imminent danger to the health, safety, or well-being of the patient or has placed the patient unnecessarily in a high-risk situation.
ALJ means an Administrative Law Judge.
Assessment means the amount described in § 1003.104, and includes the plural of that term.
Claim means an application for payment for an item or service to a Federal health care program (as defined in section 1128B(f) of the Act).
CMS stands for Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, formerly the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA).
Contracting organization means a public or private entity, including of a health maintenance organization (HMO), competitive medical plan, or health insuring organization (HIO) which meets the requirements of section 1876(b) of the Act or is subject to the requirements in section 1903(m)(2)(A) of the Act and which has contracted with the Department or a State to furnish services to Medicare beneficiaries or Medicaid recipients.
Department means the Department of Health and Human Services.
Enrollee means an individual who is eligible for Medicare or Medicaid and who enters into an agreement to receive services from a contracting organization that contracts with the Department under title XVIII or title XIX of the Act.
Exclusion means the temporary or permanent barring of a person from participation in a Federal health care program (as defined in section 1128B(f) of the Act).
Inspector General means the Inspector General of the Department or his or her designees.
Item or service includes—
(a)
Any item, device, medical supply or service provided to a patient (i) which is listed in an itemized claim for program payment or a request for payment, or (ii) for which payment is included in other Federal or State health care reimbursement methods, such as a prospective payment system; and
(b)
In the case of a claim based on costs, any entry or omission in a cost report, books of account or other documents supporting the claim.
Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant program means the program authorized under Title V of the Act.
Medicaid means the program of grants to the States for medical assistance authorized under title XIX of the Act.
Medical malpractice claim or action means a written complaint or claim demanding payment based on a physician's, dentist's or other health care practitioner's provision of, or failure to provide health care services, and includes the filing of a cause of action based on the law of tort brought in any State or Federal court or other adjudicative body.
Medicare means the program of health insurance for the aged and disabled authorized under Title XVIII of the Act.
Participating hospital means (1) a hospital or (2) a rural primary care hospital as defined in section 1861(mm)(1) of the Act that has entered into a Medicare provider agreement under section 1866 of the Act.
Penalty means the amount described in § 1003.103 and includes the plural of that term.
Person means an individual, trust or estate, partnership, corporation, professional association or corporation, or other entity, public or private.
Physician incentive plan means any compensation arrangement between a contracting organization and a physician group that may directly or indirectly have the effect of reducing or limiting services provided with respect to enrollees in the organization.
Preventive care, for purposes of the definition of the term Remuneration as set forth in this section and the preventive care exception to section 231(h) of HIPAA, means any service that—
(1)
Is a prenatal service or a post-natal well-baby visit or is a specific clinical service described in the current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, and
Remuneration, as set forth in § 1003.102(b)(13) of this part, is consistent with the definition contained in section 1128A(i)(6) of the Act, and includes the waiver of coinsurance and deductible amounts (or any part thereof) and transfers of items or services for free or for other than fair market value. The term “remuneration” does not include—
(1)
The waiver of coinsurance and deductible amounts by a person, if the waiver is not offered as part of any advertisement or solicitation; the person does not routinely waive coinsurance or deductible amounts; and the person waives coinsurance and deductible amounts after determining in good faith that the individual is in financial need or failure by the person to collect coinsurance or deductible amounts after making reasonable collection efforts;
(2)
Any permissible practice as specified in section 1128B(b)(3) of the Act or in regulations issued by the Secretary;
(3)
Differentials in coinsurance and deductible amounts as part of a benefit plan design (as long as the differentials have been disclosed in writing to all beneficiaries, third party payers and providers), to whom claims are presented; or
(4)
Incentives given to individuals to promote the delivery of preventive care services where the delivery of such services is not tied (directly or indirectly) to the provision of other services reimbursed in whole or in part by Medicare or an applicable State health care program. Such incentives may include the provision of preventive care, but may not include—
(ii)
An incentive the value of which is disproportionally large in relationship to the value of the preventive care service (i.e., either the value of the service itself or the future health care costs reasonably expected to be avoided as a result of the preventive care).
Request for payment means an application submitted by a person to any person for payment for an item or service.
Respondent means the person upon whom the Department has imposed, or proposes to impose, a penalty, assessment or exclusion.
Responsible physician means a physician who is responsible for the examination, treatment, or transfer of an individual who comes to a participating hospital's emergency department seeking assistance and includes a physician on call for the care of such individual.
Secretary means the Secretary of the Department or his or her designees.
Select agents and toxins means agents and toxins that are listed by the HHS Secretary as having the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety, in accordance with section 351A(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act.
Should know or should have known means that a person, with respect to information—
(2)
Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information. For purposes of this definition, no proof of specific intent to defraud is required.
Social Services Block Grant program means the program authorized under title XX of the Social Security Act.
State includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
State health care program means a State plan approved under title XIX of the Act, any program receiving funds under title V of the Act or from an allotment to a State under such title, or any program receiving funds under title XX of the Act or from an allotment to a State under such title.
Timely basis means, in accordance with § 1003.102(b)(9) of this part, the 60-day period from the time the prohibited amounts are collected by the individual or the entity.
Transitional assistance means the subsidy funds that Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in the prescription drug discount card and transitional assistance program may apply toward the cost of covered discount card drugs in the manner described in § 403.808(d) of this title.
[51 FR 34777, Sept. 30, 1986, as amended at 56 FR 28492, June 21, 1991; 57 FR 3345, Jan. 29, 1992; 59 FR 32124, June 22, 1994; 59 FR 36086, July 15, 1994; 60 FR 16584, Mar. 31, 1995; 61 FR 13449, Mar. 27, 1996; 65 FR 24415, Apr. 26, 2000; 65 FR 35584, June 5, 2000; 66 FR 39452, July 31, 2001; 67 FR 11935, Mar. 18, 2002; 67 FR 76905, Dec. 13, 2002; 69 FR 28845, May 19, 2004]
(a)
The OIG may impose a penalty and assessment against any person whom it determines in accordance with this part has knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, a claim which is for—
(1)
An item or service that the person knew, or should have known, was not provided as claimed, including a claim that is part of a pattern or practice of claims based on codes that the person knows or should know will result in greater payment to the person than the code applicable to the item or service actually provided;
(2)
An item or service for which the person knew, or should have known, that the claim was false or fraudulent, including a claim for any item or service furnished by an excluded individual employed by or otherwise under contract with that person;
(3)
An item or service furnished during a period in which the person was excluded from participation in the Federal health care program to which the claim was made;
(4)
A physician's services (or an item or service) for which the person knew, or should have known, that the individual who furnished (or supervised the furnishing of) the service—
(ii)
Was licensed as a physician, but such license had been obtained through a misrepresentation of material fact (including cheating on an examination required for licensing); or
(iii)
Represented to the patient at the time the service was furnished that the physician was certified in a medical specialty board when he or she was not so certified;
(5)
A payment that such person knows, or should know, may not be made under § 411.353 of this title; or
(6)
An item or service that a person knows or should know is medically unnecessary, and which is part of a pattern of such claims.
(b)
The OIG may impose a penalty, and where authorized, an assessment against any person (including an insurance company in the case of paragraphs (b)(5) and (b)(6) of this section) whom it determines in accordance with this part—
(1)
Has knowingly presented or caused to be presented a request for payment in violation of the terms of—
(i)
An agreement to accept payments on the basis of an assignment under section 1842(b)(3)(B)(ii) of the Act;
(ii)
An agreement with a State agency or other requirement of a State Medicaid plan not to charge a person for an item or service in excess of the amount permitted to be charged;
(iv)
An agreement in accordance with section 1866(a)(1)(G) of the Act not to charge any person for inpatient hospital services for which payment had been denied or reduced under section 1886(f)(2) of the Act.
(4)
Has knowingly given or caused to be given to any person, in the case of inpatient hospital services subject to the provisions of section 1886 of the Act, information that he or she knew, or should have known, was false or misleading and that could reasonably have been expected to influence the decision when to discharge such person or another person from the hospital.
(i)
A payment made under an insurance policy, self-insurance or otherwise, for the benefit of a physician, dentist or other health care practitioner in settlement of, or in satisfaction in whole or in part of, a medical malpractice claim or action or a judgment against such a physician, dentist or other practitioner in accordance with section 421 of Public Law 99-660 (42 U.S.C. 11131) and as required by regulations at 45 CFR part 60; or
(ii)
An adverse action required to be reported to the Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank as established by section 221 of Public Law 104-191 and set forth in section 1128E of the Act.
(6)
Improperly discloses, uses or permits access to information reported in accordance with part B of title IV of Pub. L. 99-660, in violation of section 427 of Pub. L. 99-660 (42 U.S.C. 11137) or regulations at 45 CFR part 60. (The disclosure of information reported in accordance with part B of title IV in response to a subpoena or a discovery request is considered to be an improper disclosure in violation of section 427 of Pub. L. 99-660. However, disclosure or release by an entity of original documents or underlying records from which the reported information is obtained or derived is not considered to be an improper disclosure in violation of section 427 of Pub. L. 99-660.)
(7)
Has made use of the words, letters, symbols or emblems as defined in paragraph (b)(7)(i) of this section in such a manner that such person knew or should have known would convey, or in a manner which reasonably could be interpreted or construed as conveying, the false impression that an advertisement, solicitation or other item was authorized, approved or endorsed by the Department or CMS, or that such person or organization has some connection with or authorization from the Department or CMS. Civil money penalties—
(i)
May be imposed, regardless of the use of a disclaimer of affiliation with the United States Government, the Department or its programs, for misuse of—
(A)
The words “Department of Health and Human Services,” “Health and Human Services,” “Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services,” “Medicare,” or “Medicaid,” or any other combination or variation of such words;
(C)
A symbol or emblem of the Department or CMS (including the design of, or a reasonable facsimile of the design of, the Medicare card, the check used for payment of benefits under title II, or envelopes or other stationery used by the Department or CMS) or any other combination or variation of such symbols or emblems; and
(ii)
Will not be imposed against any agency or instrumentality of a State, or political subdivision of the State, that makes use of any symbol or emblem, or any words or letters which specifically identifies that agency or instrumentality of the State or political subdivision.
(8)
Is a contracting organization that CMS determines has committed an act or failed to comply with the requirements set forth in § 417.500(a) or § 434.67(a) of this title or failed to comply with the requirement set forth in § 434.80(c) of this title.
(9)
Has not refunded on a timely basis, as defined in § 1003.101 of this part, amounts collected as the result of billing an individual, third party payer or other entity for a designated health service that was provided in accordance with a prohibited referral as described in § 411.353 of this title.
(i)
A cross referral arrangement, for example, whereby the physician owners of entity “X” refer to entity “Y,” and the physician owners of entity “Y” refer to entity “X” in violation of § 411.353 of this title, or
(ii)
Any other arrangement or scheme that the physician or entity knows, or should know, has a principal purpose of circumventing the prohibitions of § 411.353 of this title.
(11)
Has violated section 1128B of the Act by unlawfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration in return for the referral of business paid for by Medicare, Medicaid or other Federal health care programs.
(12)
Who is not an organization, agency or other entity, and who is excluded from participating in Medicare or a State health care program in accordance with sections 1128 or 1128A of the Act, and who—
(i)
Knows or should know of the action constituting the basis for the exclusion, and retains a direct or indirect ownership or control interest of five percent or more in an entity that participates in Medicare or a State health care program; or
(13)
Offers or transfers remuneration (as defined in § 1003.101 of this part) to any individual eligible for benefits under Medicare or a State health care program, that such person knows or should know is likely to influence such individual to order or to receive from a particular provider, practitioner or supplier any item or service for which payment may be made, in whole or in part, under Medicare or a State health care program.
(14)
Is a physician and who executes a document falsely by certifying that a Medicare beneficiary requires home health services when the physician knows that the beneficiary does not meet the eligibility requirements set forth in sections 1814(a)(2)(C) or 1835(a)(2)(A) of the Act.
(15)
Has knowingly and willfully presented, or caused to be presented, a bill or request for payment for items and services furnished to a hospital patient for which payment may be made under the Medicare or another Federal health care program, if that bill or request is inconsistent with an arrangement under section 1866(a)(1)(H) of the Act, or violates the requirements for such an arrangement.
(16)
Is involved in the possession or use in the United States, receipt from outside the United States, or transfer within the United States, of select agents and toxins in violation of part 73 of this chapter as determined by the HHS Secretary, in accordance with sections 351A(b) and (c) of the Public Health Service Act.
(17)
Is an endorsed sponsor under the Medicare prescription drug discount card program who knowingly misrepresented or falsified information in outreach material or comparable material provided to a program enrollee or other person.
(18)
Is an endorsed sponsor under the Medicare prescription drug discount card program who knowingly charged a program enrollee in violation of the terms of the endorsement contract.
(19)
Is an endorsed sponsor under the Medicare prescription drug discount card program who knowingly used transitional assistance funds of any program enrollee in any manner that is inconsistent with the purpose of the transitional assistance program.
(c)
(1)
The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) may impose a penalty for violations of section 1867 of the Act or § 489.24 of this title against—
(C)
Signs a certification under section 1867(c)(1)(A) of the Act if the physician knew or should have known that the benefits of transfer to another facility did not outweigh the risks of such a transfer; or
(D)
Misrepresents an individual's condition or other information, including a hospital's obligations under this section.
(2)
For purposes of this section, a responsible physician or hospital “knowingly” violates section 1867 of the Act if the responsible physician or hospital recklessly disregards, or deliberately ignores a material fact.
(d)
(1)
In any case in which it is determined that more than one person was responsible for presenting or causing to be presented a claim as described in paragraph (a) of this section, each such person may be held liable for the penalty prescribed by this part, and an assessment may be imposed against any one such person or jointly and severally against two or more such persons, but the aggregate amount of the assessments collected may not exceed the amount that could be assessed if only one person was responsible.
(2)
In any case in which it is determined that more than one person was responsible for presenting or causing to be presented a request for payment or for giving false or misleading information as described in paragraph (b) of this section, each such person may be held liable for the penalty prescribed by this part.
(3)
In any case in which it is determined that more than one person was responsible for failing to report information that is required to be reported on a medical malpractice payment, or for improperly disclosing, using, or permitting access to information, as described in paragraphs (b)(5) and (b)(6) of this section, each such person may be held liable for the penalty prescribed by this part.
(4)
In any case in which it is determined that more than one responsible physician violated the provisions of section 1867 of the Act or of § 489.24 of this title, a penalty may be imposed against each responsible physician.
(5)
Under this section, a principal is liable for penalties and assessments for the actions of his or her agent acting within the scope of the agency.
(e)
For purposes of this section, the term “knowingly” is defined consistent with the definition set forth in the Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. 3729(b) ), that is, a person, with respect to information, has actual knowledge of information, acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the information, or acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information, and that no proof of specific intent to defraud is required.
[57 FR 3345, Jan. 29, 1992; 57 FR 9670, Mar. 20, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 32124, June 22, 1994; 59 FR 36086, July 15, 1994; 60 FR 16584, Mar. 31, 1995; 60 FR 58241, Nov. 27, 1995; 64 FR 39428, July 22, 1999; 65 FR 18550, Apr. 7, 2000; 65 FR 24415, Apr. 26, 2000; 65 FR 35584, June 5, 2000; 67 FR 76905, Dec. 13, 2002; 69 FR 28845, May 19, 2004]
(a)
Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (k) of this section, the OIG may impose a penalty of not more than—
(1)
$2,000 for each wrongful act occurring before January 1, 1997 that is subject to a determination under § 1003.102; and
(2)
$10,000 for each wrongful act occurring on or after January 1, 1997 that is subject to a determination under § 1003.102.
(b)
The OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $15,000 for each person with respect to whom a determination was made that false or misleading information was given under § 1003.102(b)(4), or for each item and service that is subject to a determination under § 1003.102(a)(5) or § 1003.102(b)(9) of this part. The OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $100,000 for each arrangement or scheme that is subject to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(10) of this part.
(c)
The OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $11,000 1 for each payment for which there was a failure to report required information in accordance with § 1003.102(b)(5), or for each improper disclosure, use or access to information that is subject to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(6).
Code of Federal Regulations
Footnote(s): 1 As adjusted in accordance with the Federal Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-140), as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-134).
(d)
(1)
The OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation resulting from the misuse of Departmental, CMS, Medicare or Medicaid program words, letters, symbols or emblems as described in § 1003.102(b)(7) relating to printed media, and a penalty of not more than $25,000 in the case of such misuse related to a broadcast or telecast, that is related to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(7).
(i)
In the case of a direct mailing solicitation or advertisement, each separate piece of mail which contains one or more words, letters, symbols or emblems related to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(7) ;
(ii)
In the case of a printed solicitation or advertisement, each reproduction, reprinting or distribution of such item related to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(7); and
(iii)
In the case of a broadcast or telecast, each airing of a single commercial or solicitation related to a determination under § 1003.102(b)(7).
(1)
Against each participating hospital with an emergency department, a penalty of not more than $50,000 for each negligent violation occurring on or after May 1, 1991, except that if the participating hospital has fewer than 100 State-licensed, Medicare-certified beds on the date the penalty is imposed, the penalty will not exceed $25,000; and
(2)
Against each responsible physician, a penalty of not more than $50,000 for each negligent violation occurring on or after May 1, 1991.
(f)
(1)
The OIG may, in addition to or in lieu of other remedies available under law, impose a penalty of up to $25,000 for each determination by CMS that a contracting organization has—
(i)
Failed substantially to provide an enrollee with required medically necessary items and services and the failure adversely affects (or has the likelihood of adversely affecting) the enrollee;
(ii)
Imposed premiums on enrollees in excess of amounts permitted under section 1876 or title XIX of the Act;
(iii)
Acted to expel or to refuse to re-enroll a Medicare beneficiary in violation of the provisions of section 1876 of the Act and for reasons other than the beneficiary's health status or requirements for health care services;
(iv)
Misrepresented or falsified information furnished to an individual or any other entity under section 1876 or section 1903(m) of the Act;
(v)
Failed to comply with the requirements of section 1876(g)(6)(A) of the Act, regarding prompt payment of claims; or
(vi)
Failed to comply with the requirements of §§ 417.479 (d) through (i) of this title for Medicare, and §§ 417.479 (d) through (g) and (i) of this title for Medicaid, regarding certain prohibited incentive payments to physicians.
(2)
The OIG may, in addition to or in lieu of other remedies available under law, impose a penalty of up to $25,000 for each determination by CMS that a contracting organization with a contract under section 1876 of the Act—
(i)
Employs or contracts with individuals or entities excluded, under section 1128 or section 1128A of the Act, from participation in Medicare for the provision of health care, utilization review, medical social work, or administrative services; or
(ii)
Employs or contracts with any entity for the provision of services (directly or indirectly) through an excluded individual or entity.
(3)
The OIG may, in addition to or in lieu of other remedies available under law, impose a penalty of up to $100,000 for each determination that a contracting organization has—
(i)
Misrepresented or falsified information to the Secretary under section 1876 of the Act or to the State under section 1903(m) of the Act; or
(ii)
Acted to expel or to refuse to re-enroll a Medicaid recipient because of the individual's health status or requirements for health care services, or engaged in any practice that would reasonably be expected to have the effect of denying or discouraging enrollment (except as permitted by section 1876 or section 1903(m) of the Act) with the contracting organization by Medicare beneficiaries and Medicaid recipients whose medical condition or history indicates a need for substantial future medical services.
(4)
If enrolles are charged more than the allowable premium, the OIG will impose an additional penalty equal to double the amount of excess premium charged by the contracting organization. The excess premium amount will be deducted from the penalty and returned to the enrollee.
(5)
The OIG will impose an additional $15,000 penalty for each individual not enrolled when CMS determines that a contracting organization has committed a violation described in paragraph (f)(3)(ii) of this section.
(6)
For purposes of paragraph (f) of this section, a violation is each incident where a person has committed an act listed in § 417.500(a) or § 434.67(a) of this title, or failed to comply with a requirement set forth in § 434.80(c) of this title.
(g)
The OIG may impose a penalty of not more than $25,000 against a health plan for failing to report information on an adverse action required to be reported to the Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank in accordance with section 1128E of the Act and § 1003.102(b)(5)(ii).
(2)
An assessment of up to three times the total amount of remuneration offered, paid, solicited or received, as specified in § 1003.104(b).
(i)
For violations of § 1003.102(b)(14) of this part, the OIG may impose a penalty of not more than the greater of—