94.105—Duty cycles.
(a) Overview.
For the purpose of determining compliance with the emission standards of § 94.8, except for those in § 94.8(e), engines shall be tested using the appropriate duty cycles described in this section.
(b) General cycle.
Propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty cycles of this section do not apply, shall be tested using the duty cycle described in the following Table B-1:
| Mode No. | Engine speed 1 (percent of maximum test speed) | Percent of maximum test power 2 | Minimum time in mode(minutes) | Weighting factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 100 | 5.0 | 0.20 |
| 2 | 91 | 75 | 5.0 | 0.50 |
| 3 | 80 | 50 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 4 | 63 | 25 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 1 Engine speed: ±2 percent of point. | ||||
| 2 Power: ±2 percent of engine maximum value. | ||||
(c) Variable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers.
(1)
Constant-speed propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) variable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers shall be tested using the duty cycle described in the following Table B-2:
| Mode No. | Engine speed 1 (percent of maximum test speed) | Percent of maximum test power 2 | Minimum time in mode(minutes) | Weighting factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 100 | 5.0 | 0.20 |
| 2 | 100 | 75 | 5.0 | 0.50 |
| 3 | 100 | 50 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 4 | 100 | 25 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 1 Engine speed: ±2 percent of point. | ||||
| 2 Power: ±2 percent of engine maximum value. | ||||
(2)
For the purpose of determining compliance with the emission standards of § 94.8, variable-speed propulsion engines that are used with (or intended to be used with) variable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers shall be tested using the duty cycle described in Table B-3, which follows:
| Test segment | Mode No. | Engine speed 1 | Percent of maximum test torque 2 | Minimum time in mode(minutes) | Weighting factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | Maximum Test Speed | 100 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 1 | 2 | Maximum Test Speed | 75 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
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| 1 | 3 | Maximum Test Speed | 50 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 1 | 4 | Maximum Test Speed | 10 | 5.0 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 5 | Intermediate | 100 | 5.0 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 6 | Intermediate | 75 | 5.0 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 7 | Intermediate | 50 | 5.0 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 8 | Idle | 0 | 5.0 | 0.15 |
| 1 Engine speed (non-idle): ±2 percent of point. Engine speed (idle): Within manufacturer's specifications. Idle speed is specified by the manufacturer. | |||||
| 2 Torque (non-idle): ±2 percent of engine maximum value. Torque (idle): minimum fueling rate Load less than 5 percent of peak torque. | |||||
(1)
Constant speed auxiliary engines shall be tested using the duty cycle described in Table B-4, which follows:
| Mode No. | Engine speed 1 | Percent of maximum test torque 2 | Minimum time in mode(minutes) | Weighting factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maximum Test Speed | 100 | 5.0 | 0.05 |
| 2 | Maximum Test Speed | 75 | 5.0 | 0.25 |
| 3 | Maximum Test Speed | 50 | 5.0 | 0.30 |
| 4 | Maximum Test Speed | 25 | 5.0 | 0.30 |
| 5 | Maximum Test Speed | 10 | 5.0 | 0.10 |
| 1 Engine speed: ±2 percent of point. | ||||
| 2 Torque: ±2 percent of engine maximum value. | ||||
(2)
Variable speed auxiliary engines shall be tested using the duty cycle described in Table B-3 in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
(e) Recreational.
For the purpose of determining compliance with the emission standards of § 94.8, recreational engines shall be tested using the duty cycle described in Table B-5, which follows:
| Mode No. | Engine speed(1) (percent of maximum test speed) | Percent of maximum test power(2) | Minimum time in mode (minutes) | Weighting factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 100 | 5.0 | 0.08 |
| 2 | 91 | 75 | 5.0 | 0.13 |
| 3 | 80 | 50 | 5.0 | 0.17 |
| 4 | 63 | 25 | 5.0 | 0.32 |
| 5 | idle | 0 | 5.0 | 0.30 |
| 1 Engine speed: ±2 percent of point. | ||||
| 2 Power: ±2 percent of engine maximum value. | ||||