86.1311-94—Exhaust gas analytical system; CVS bag sample.
(a) Schematic drawings.
Figure N94-1 is a schematic drawing of the exhaust gas analytical system used for analyzing CVS bag samples from either Otto-cycle or diesel engines. Since various configurations can produce accurate results, exact conformance with the drawing is not required. Additional components such as instruments, valves, solenoids, pumps and switches may be used to provide additional information and coordinate the functions of the component systems. Other components such as snubbers, which are not needed to maintain accuracy in some systems, may be excluded if their exclusion is based upon good engineering judgment.
(b) Major component description.
The analytical system, Figure N94-1, consists of a flame ionization detector (FID) (heated for methanol-fueled (235 ±15 °F (113 ±8 °C)) and for petroleum-fueled diesel (375 ±10 °F (191 ±6 °C) engines) for the measurement of hydrocarbons, a methane analyzer (consisting of a gas chromatograph combined with a FID) for the determination of CH4 (for engines subject to NMHC standards, where applicable), nondispersive infrared analyzers (NDIR) for the measurement of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and a chemiluminescence analyzer (CL) for the measurement of oxides of nitrogen. The analytical system for methanol consists of a gas chromatograph (GC), equipped with a flame ionization detector. The analysis for formaldehyde is performed using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) detection. The exhaust gas analytical system shall conform to the following requirements:
(1)
The CL requires that the nitrogen dioxide present in the sample be converted to nitric oxide before analysis. Other types of analyzers may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.
(2)
The carbon monoxide (NDIR) analyzer may require a sample conditioning column containing CaSO4 or desiccating silica gel to remove water vapor, and containing ascarite to remove carbon dioxide from the CO analysis stream.
(i)
If CO instruments are used which are essentially free of CO2 and water vapor interference, the use of the conditioning column may be deleted (see §§ 86.1322 and 86.1342 ).
(ii)
A CO instrument will be considered to be essentially free of CO2 and water vapor interference if its response to a mixture of three percent CO2 in N2. which has been bubbled through water at room temperature, produces an equivalent CO response, as measured on the most sensitive CO range, which is less than one percent of full scale CO concentration on ranges above 300 ppm full scale or less than 3 ppm on ranges below 300 ppm full scale (see § 86.1322 ).
(3)
(i)
Using a methane analyzer consisting of a gas chromatograph combined with a FID, the measurement of methane shall be done in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J1151, “Methane Measurement Using Gas Chromatography.” (Incorporated by reference pursuant to § 86.1(b)(2).)
(ii)
For natural gas vehicles, the manufacturer has the option of using gas chromatography to measure NMHC through direct quantitation of individual hydrocarbon species. The manufacturer shall conform to standard industry practices and use good engineering judgement.
(c) Alternate analytical systems.
Analysis systems meeting the specifications of subpart D of this part may be used for testing required under this subpart, with the exception of §§ 86.346 and 86.347, provided that the systems in subpart D of this part meet the specifications of this subpart. Heated analyzers may be used in their heated configuration.
(d) Other analyzers and equipment.
Other types of analyzers and equipment may be used if shown to yield equivalent results and if approved in advance by the Administrator.