1.148-3—General arbitrage rebate rules.
(a) In general.
Section 148(f) requires that certain earnings on nonpurpose investments allocable to the gross proceeds of an issue be paid to the United States to prevent the bonds in the issue from being arbitrage bonds. The arbitrage that must be rebated is based on the difference between the amount actually earned on nonpurpose investments and the amount that would have been earned if those investments had a yield equal to the yield on the issue.
(b) Definition of rebate amount.
As of any date, the rebate amount for an issue is the excess of the future value, as of that date, of all receipts on nonpurpose investments over the future value, as of that date, of all payments on nonpurpose investments.
(c) Computation of future value of a payment or receipt.
The future value of a payment or receipt at the end of any period is determined using the economic accrual method and equals the value of that payment or receipt when it is paid or received (or treated as paid or received), plus interest assumed to be earned and compounded over the period at a rate equal to the yield on the issue, using the same compounding interval and financial conventions used to compute that yield.
(i)
Amounts actually or constructively paid to acquire a nonpurpose investment (or treated as paid to a commingled fund);
(ii)
For a nonpurpose investment that is first allocated to an issue on a date after it is actually acquired (e.g., an investment that becomes allocable to transferred proceeds or to replacement proceeds) or that becomes subject to the rebate requirement on a date after it is actually acquired (e.g., an investment allocated to a reasonably required reserve or replacement fund for a construction issue at the end of the 2-year spending period), the value of that investment on that date;
(iii)
For a nonpurpose investment that was allocated to an issue at the end of the preceding computation period, the value of that investment at the beginning of the computation period;
(iv)
On the last day of each bond year during which there are amounts allocated to gross proceeds of an issue that are subject to the rebate requirement, and on the final maturity date, a computation credit of $1,000; and
(i)
Amounts actually or constructively received from a nonpurpose investment (including amounts treated as received from a commingled fund), such as earnings and return of principal;
(ii)
For a nonpurpose investment that ceases to be allocated to an issue before its disposition or redemption date (e.g., an investment that becomes allocable to transferred proceeds of another issue or that ceases to be allocable to the issue pursuant to the universal cap under § 1.148-6) or that ceases to be subject to the rebate requirement on a date earlier than its disposition or redemption date (e.g., an investment allocated to a fund initially subject to the rebate requirement but that subsequently qualifies as a bona fide debt service fund), the value of that nonpurpose investment on that date; and
(iii)
For a nonpurpose investment that is held at the end of a computation period, the value of that investment at the end of that period.
(3) Special rules for commingled funds.
Section 1.148-6(e) provides special rules to limit certain of the required determinations of payments and receipts for investments of a commingled fund.
(e) Computation dates—
(1) In general.
For a fixed yield issue, an issuer may treat any date as a computation date. For a variable yield issue, an issuer:
(i)
May treat the last day of any bond year ending on or before the latest date on which the first rebate amount is required to be paid under paragraph (f) of this section (the first required payment date) as a computation date but may not change that treatment after the first payment date; and
(ii)
After the first required payment date, must consistently treat either the end of each bond year or the end of each fifth bond year as computation dates and may not change these computation dates after the first required payment date.
(2) Final computation date.
The date that an issue is discharged is the final computation date. For an issue retired within 3 years of the issue date, however, the final computation date need not occur before the end of 8 months after the issue date or during the period in which the issuer reasonably expects that any of the spending exceptions under § 1.148-7 will apply to the issue.
(f) Amount of required rebate installment payment—
(1) Amount of interim rebate payments.
The first rebate installment payment must be made for a computation date that is not later than 5 years after the issue date. Subsequent rebate installment payments must be made for a computation date that is not later than 5 years after the previous computation date for which an installment payment was made. A rebate installment payment must be in an amount that, when added to the future value, as of the computation date, of previous rebate payments made for the issue, equals at least 90 percent of the rebate amount as of that date.
(2) Amount of final rebate payment.
For the final computation date, a final rebate payment must be paid in an amount that, when added to the future value of previous rebate payments made for the issue, equals 100 percent of the rebate amount as of that date.
(3) Future value of rebate payments.
The future value of a rebate payment is determined under paragraph (c) of this section. This value is computed by taking into account recoveries of overpayments.
(g) Time and manner of payment.
Each rebate payment must be paid no later than 60 days after the computation date to which the payment relates. Any rebate payment paid within this 60-day period may be treated as paid on the computation date to which it relates. A rebate payment is paid when it is filed with the Internal Revenue Service at the place or places designated by the Commissioner. A payment must be accompanied by the form provided by the Commissioner for this purpose.
(h) Penalty in lieu of loss of tax exemption—
(1) In general.
The failure to pay the correct rebate amount when required will cause the bonds of the issue to be arbitrage bonds, unless the Commissioner determines that the failure was not caused by willful neglect and the issuer promptly pays a penalty to the United States. If no bond of the issue is a private activity bond (other than a qualified 501(c)(3) bond), the penalty equals 50 percent of the rebate amount not paid when required to be paid, plus interest on that amount. Otherwise, the penalty equals 100 percent of the rebate amount not paid when required to be paid, plus interest on that amount.
(2) Interest on underpayments.
Interest accrues at the underpayment rate under section 6621, beginning on the date the correct rebate amount is due and ending on the date 10 days before it is paid.
(3) Waivers of the penalty.
The penalty is automatically waived if the rebate amount that the issuer failed to pay plus interest is paid within 180 days after discovery of the failure, unless, the Commissioner determines that the failure was due to willful neglect, or the issue is under examination by the Commissioner at any time during the period beginning on the date the failure first occurred and ending on the date 90 days after the receipt of the rebate amount. Generally, extensions of this 180-day period and waivers of the penalty in other cases will be granted by the Commissioner only in unusual circumstances. For purposes of this paragraph (h)(3), willful neglect does not include a failure that is attributable solely to the permissible retroactive selection of a short first bond year if the rebate amount that the issuer failed to pay is paid within 60 days of the selection of that bond year.
(4) Application to alternative penalty under
Paragraphs (h) (1), (2), and (3) of this section apply to failures to pay penalty payments under § 1.148-7 (alternative penalty amounts) by substituting alternative penalty amounts for rebate amount and the last day of each spending period for computation date.
(i) Recovery of overpayment of rebate—
(1) In general.
An issuer may recover an overpayment for an issue of tax-exempt bonds by establishing to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the overpayment occurred. An overpayment is the excess of the amount paid to the United States for an issue under section 148 over the sum of the rebate amount for the issue as of the most recent computation date and all amounts that are otherwise required to be paid under section 148 as of the date the recovery is requested.
(2) Limitations on recovery.
(i)
An overpayment may be recovered only to the extent that a recovery on the date that it is first requested would not result in an additional rebate amount if that date were treated as a computation date.
(ii)
Except for overpayments of penalty in lieu of rebate under section 148(f)(4)(C)(vii) and § 1.148-7(k), an overpayment of less than $5,000 may not be recovered before the final computation date.
Code of Federal Regulations
| Date | Amount |
|---|---|
| 2/1/94 | $3,000,000 |
| 5/1/94 | 5,000,000 |
| 1/1/95 | 5,000,000 |
| 9/1/95 | 20,000,000 |
| 3/1/96 | 22,000,000 |
Code of Federal Regulations
724
| Date | Receipts (payments) | FV (7.0000 percent) |
|---|---|---|
| 1/1/94 | ($49,000,000) | ($69,119,339) |
| 2/1/94 | 3,000,000 | 4,207,602 |
| 5/1/94 | 5,000,000 | 6,893,079 |
| 1/1/95 | 5,000,000 | 6,584,045 |
| 1/1/95 | (1,000) | (1,317) |
| 9/1/95 | 20,000,000 | 25,155,464 |
| 1/1/96 | (1,000) | 1,229) |
| 3/1/96 | 22,000,000 | 26,735,275 |
| 1/1/97 | (1,000) | (1,148) |
| Rebate amount (1/01/99) | 452,432 |
| Date | Receipts (payments) | FV (7.0000 percent) |
|---|---|---|
| 1/1/99 | $452,432 | $638,200 |
| Rebate amount (1/01/04) | 638,200 |
| Date | Receipts (payments) | FV (7.0000 percent) |
|---|---|---|
| 1/1/04 | $638,200 | $900,244 |
| 1/1/09 | (1,000) | (1,000) |
| Rebate amount (1/01/09) | 899,244 |
Code of Federal Regulations
| Date | Amount |
|---|---|
| 8/1/1994 | $5,000,000 |
| 7/1/1995 | 8,000,000 |
| 12/1/1995 | 17,000,000 |
| 7/1/1999 | 650,000 |
| Date | Receipts (payments) | FV (6.0000 percent) |
|---|---|---|
| 7/1/1994 | ($30,000,000) | ($40,317,491) |
| 8/1/1994 | 5,000,000 | 6,686,560 |
| 7/1/1995 | (1,000) | (1,267) |
| 7/1/1995 | 8,000,000 | 10,134,161 |
| 12/1/1995 | 17,000,000 | 21,011,112 |
| 7/1/1996 | (1,000) | (1,194) |
| 7/1/1997 | (1,000) | (1,126) |
| 7/1/1998 | (1,000) | (1,061) |
| 7/1/1999 | 3,000,000 | 3,000,000 |
| 7/1/1999 | 650,000 | 650,000 |
| 7/1/1999 | (1,000) | (1,000) |
| Rebate amount (7/01/1999) | 1,158,694 |
Code of Federal Regulations
725
| Date | Receipts (payments) | FV (5.0000 percent) |
|---|---|---|
| 7/1/1999 | $1,158,694 | $1,483,226 |
| 7/1/1999 | (3,000,000) | (3,840,254) |
| 7/1/2000 | (1,000) | (1,218) |
| 7/1/2001 | (1,000) | (1,160) |
| 7/1/2002 | (1,000) | (1,104) |
| 7/1/2003 | (1,000) | (1,051) |
| 7/1/2004 | (2,000) | (2,000) |
| 7/1/2004 | 3,925,000 | 3,925,000 |
| 1,561,439 |
(k) Bona fide debt service fund exception.
Under section 148(f)(4)(A), the rebate requirement does not apply to amounts in certain bona fide debt service funds. An issue with an average annual debt service that is not in excess of $2,500,000 may be treated as satisfying the $100,000 limitation in section 148(f)(4)(A)(ii).