1720.405—Depositions and discovery.
(a)
At any time during the course of a proceeding, the administrative law judge may discretionally order the taking of a deposition and the production of documents by the deponent. Such order may be entered upon a showing that the deposition is necessary for the purpose of discovery or to preserve relevant evidence. Insofar as consistent with considerations of fairness and the requirements of due process and the rules of this subpart, a deposition shall not be ordered when it appears that it will result in undue burden to any other party or in undue delay of the proceeding. Depositions may be taken orally or upon written interrogatories and cross-interrogatories.
(b)
Any party desiring to take a deposition shall make application in writing to the administrative law judge setting forth the justification therefor and the time and place proposed for the taking of the deposition. The application shall include also the name and address of each proposed deponent and the subject matter concerning which each is expected to depose and shall be accompanied by an application for any subpoenas desired.
(c)
An order that the administrative law judge may issue for taking a deposition shall state the circumstances warranting its being taken, and shall designate the time and place and shall show the name and address of each person who is expected to appear and the subject matter with regard to which each is expected to depose. The time designated shall allow not less than 5 days from date of service of the order when the deposition is to be taken within the United States, and not less than 15 days when the deposition is to be taken elsewhere.
(d)
After an order is served for taking a deposition upon motion timely made by any party or by the person to be deposed and for good cause shown, the administrative law judge may determine the propriety of and issue any of the following orders:
(5)
That the examination shall be held with no one present except the parties to the action, their counsel and a person qualified in the designated place to administer oaths and affirmations.
(e)
The administrative law judge may make any other order which justice requires to protect the party or deponent from annoyance, embarrassment or oppression, or to prevent the unnecessary disclosure or publication of information contrary to the public interest and beyond the requirements of justice in the particular proceeding.
(f)
Each deponent shall be duly sworn, and any adverse party shall have the right to cross-examine. Objections to questions or documents shall be in short form, stating the grounds of objections relied upon. The questions and the anwers, together with all objections made, but excluding argument or debate, shall be reduced to writing and certified by the person before whom the deposition was taken. Thereafter such person shall forward the deposition and one copy thereof to the party at whose instance the deposition was taken, and shall forward one copy thereof to the representative of each party who was present or represented at the taking of the deposition.
(g)
A deposition taken to preserve relevant evidence which any party intends to offer in evidence may be corrected in the manner provided by § 1720.515. Any such deposition shall, in addition to the other required procedures, be read to or by the deponent and be subscribed by the deponent if the party intending to offer it in evidence so notifies the person before whom the deposition was taken. Subject to appropriate rulings on such objections to the questions and answers as were noted at the time the deposition was taken or as may be valid when it is offered, a deposition taken to preserve relevant evidence, or any part thereof, may be used or offered in evidence as against any party who was present or represented at the taking of the deposition or who had due notice thereof if the administrative law judge finds any of the following:
(2)
That the deponent is out of the United States or is located at such a distance that attendance would be impractical, unless it appears that the absence of the deponent was procured by the party offering the deposition.
(3)
That the deponent is unable to attend or testify because of age, sickness, infirmity or imprisonment.
(4)
That the party offering the deposition has been unable to procure the attendance of the deponent by subpoena.
(5)
That such exceptional circumstances exist as to make it desirable, in the interest of justice and with due regard to the importance of presenting the testimony of witnesses orally in open hearing, to allow the deposition to be used.